名词性从句考点举要
2012-07-13程浩芹
程浩芹
【摘 要】名词性从句是高中英语教学的重点内容之一,每年的高考试题中都会出现对名词性从句的考查,考查方向侧重于名词性从句的辨认,引导词的选择,是否缺失语法成分,缺失什么语法成分以及与定语从句的区别等,本文试从如下方面对名词性从句的要点加以归纳。
【关键词】名词性从句考点 举要
名词性从句是高中英语教学的重点内容之一,每年的高考试题中都会出现对名词性从句的考查。考查方向侧重于名词性从句的辨认,引导词的选择,是否缺失语法成分,缺失什么语法成分以及与定语从句,状语从句之间的区别。现就名词性从句的考点分析如下:
一、名词性从句由主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,同位语从句所组成,在句子中做主语,表语,宾语,介词的宾语,同位语
What parents say and do has a life-long effort on his children.
One advantage of playing the guitar is that it can give you a great deal of pleasure.
We cannot figure out why quite a number of insects, birds and animals are dying out.
Do you have any idea what is actually going on in the classroom.
二、名词性从句的引导词
that, what, if ,whether, as if(只用来引导表语从句), who, which, when, where, why, how whoever, whatever, however, whose 等.
1. What matters most in learning English is enough practice.
2. The news that our athletes won another gold medal was reported in yesterday's newspaper.
3. Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? That's where the best job are.
4. Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and whether it is rough or smooth.
三、名词性从句的辨认
A. 主语从句出在主语的位置或是由it做形式主语而把真实的主语从句放在句子的后面。
B. 表语从句处于be或其他系动词的后面。
C. 宾语从句处于及物动词,及物的短语动词或介词的后面。
D. 同位语从句处于一个名词的后面且该名词在从句中不做任何成分。
注:同位语从句是对前面的名词的内容的进一步说明,而定语从句则是对前面的名词时行修饰。
1.What makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.(主语从句 /表语从句)
2. The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make what it is.(宾语从句)
3. Nobody believe his reason for being absent from the class that he had to meet his uncle at the airport.(同位语从句)
4. He spoke proudly of his part in the game, without mentioning what his teammates had done.(宾语从句)
5. We haven't settled the question of whether it is necessary for him to study abroad.(宾语从句)
6. One advantage of playing the guitar is that it can give you a great deal of pleasure.(表语从句)
四、that的用法
1.如果名词性从句为陈述句,用that 引导。
2.只有在宾语从句中可以省略that,而在主语从句,表语从句和同位语从句中一般不能省略that。
有下列情况之一者不可以省去that:
A. 当谓语动词和宾语从句被别的词分隔开时。
B. 第二个宾语从句不能省去that。
C. 宾语从句中含有一个主从复合句时。
D. 当it为形式宾语后接宾语从句时。
1. That she said last night she did some reading.
2.She said Unit 4 was very important and that she should learn it well.
3.They promised me that if I worked hard from then on, they would buy me a computer.
五、what 的用法
当完全具备下列各条件,主,表,宾,同四种从句中可以用what。
1.从句中缺主语、表语、宾语、介语的宾语。
2.从句缺少引导词。
3.在意义上指物,意为:“……所……的”或“……的……”,因此在很多由what引导的名词性从句中,从句不表示疑问。
六、if和whether的用法
1.只有在宾语从句可以用if而在主语从句,表语从句和同位语从句中只能用whether。
2.在下列情况下的宾语从句中只能用whether而不能用if。
A. 如果出现whether…or…或whether…or not 不能用if代替whether
B. 介词后的宾语从句只能用whether。
C. 习惯上discuss后的宾语从句只能用whether而不能用 if。
七、 it作形式主语和形式宾语的基本结构
1.形式主语
It(形式主语) +be+形容词+that从句(真实主语)
形容词有:important、necessary、probable、natural、good、possible、true、clear、0evident、wrong、likely、certain 等。
It (形式主语) +be+(a)+名词+that从句(真实主语)
名词有:a fact、a good idea、a honor、a pity、a shame, a pleasure a wonder, common knowledge,等。
It (形式主语) +be+过去分词+that从句(真实主语)
过去分词有:said、reported、suggested、thought、accepted、demanded、expected、proved、known、pointed out、hoped等。
It (形式主语) +不及物动词+that从句(真实主语)
动词有:appear、happen、matter 等。
2.形式宾语
think、find、consider、make等+it(形式宾语)+形容词或名词(宾补)+that从句(真实宾语)
Like、dislike、hate、love、appreciate + it(形式宾语)+宾语从句
动词+介词+it(形式宾语)+that从句(宾语从句)
动词: see to、depend on等后接宾语从句时。
八、what 和关系代词的区别
1.what和关系代词都在从句做主语,宾语,表语或介词的宾语,但what不是关系代词,也不能引导定语从句。
2.关系代词前面必定有一个名词为其先行词,而what引导的名词性从句前面不一定有。
3.关系代词引导定语从句,而what引导名词性从句。
That is my question how I can get it.(名词性从句)
That is my question I asked Tom.(定语从句)
九、同位语从句与定语从句的区别
1.同位语从句是对前面名词的内容的陈述,而定语从句是对前面名词的修饰。
2.同位语从句前面的名词在后面的从句中不担任任何成分,而定语从句前面的名词在后面的从句中担任一定的语法成分,且多担任主语,表语,宾语或介词的宾语。
The idea that saving water can protect our environment is very good.
The idea that he put forward in the meeting was very good.
3.同位语从句多用that作引导词而定语从句还有别的关系词引导。(如果同位语从句前面的名词是question, problem等表示疑问的名词时,也可能由whether或wh-连接词引导)
4.同位语从句可以由how引导而定语从句的关系词中没有how。