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在地下观城市表情

2012-04-29戚永晔

文化交流 2012年11期
关键词:武林广场杭州

戚永晔

自从有了地铁站,公众文化传播就找到了一条新途径。每天成千上万的乘客都是观众。因此,一个城市地铁站的公共艺术载体,也成为游客了解这个城市最直观的途径。纵观世界各大城市的地铁站,无不彰显着自己独特的气质。

比如伦敦地铁站里有着第一届世博会故事、福尔摩斯头像、莎士比亚戏剧画等元素,衬托了这座城市的历史感;柏林地铁站有着世界上独一无二的流动电影院,表现了这座城市的创意力;莫斯科地铁站有着全世界最豪华的装饰,包括巨型拱门、华丽的吊顶,表现俄罗斯人的贵族情节;北京地铁站则装饰着各种古代山水画和天文历法等科技成就,表现中国光辉灿烂的历史文明。

那么,今年10月底刚通车的杭州地铁。在代表城市表情和气质的地铁站里,给我们带来怎样的惊喜呢?

中国美术学院副院长宋建明告诉我,杭州地铁站里,有一批美院师生设计创作的公共艺术墙。今后在杭州乘地铁,即使你不看站牌,它也会用丰富的表情告诉你,这是哪一站。

公共艺术墙到底有些什么内容?为什么不看站牌也能知道这是哪一站?带着对这些问题的好奇,我走访了正在进行公共艺术墙安装的杭州地铁站。

阳光葵园:杭州地铁的主体文化

杭州地铁集团一位办公室工作人员告诉我,地铁一号线全线共34个站点,目前其中15个站点都要量身定制各自的“表情”,有自己专属的公共艺术墙。

武林广场站的站厅,是1号线所有地铁站厅中预计客流最大且层高最高的,层高4.7米。因此,配置的公共艺术墙也需要代表杭州的最中心这一概念和属于杭州城的主体文化。因为任务重、压力大,中国美院许江院长带领创意能力最强的团队“主刀”设计。“阳光葵园”这一概念应运而生。

来到现场一抬眼,就能发现武林广场站公共艺术墙的与众不同—其他公共艺术墙多为长30米、高3米左右的一块,但武林广场有四面艺术墙,长和高分别达到15米、4.54米。虽然安装尚未完成,但在工作人员的指点下,我已经能依稀看出端倪—这四面艺术墙,图案分别是绿、橘黄、红、黄四色葵花丛,代表春、夏、秋、冬四季的“阳光葵园”,为铜腐蚀雕塑。站厅支着32根大圆柱子,柱顶上还有居高临下、姿态万千的绿色铜葵浮雕,与艺术墙遥相呼应。

“这个站厅的设计方案是最早确定下来的,根据我们的评估,将来完工后效果会非常好,葵花有近3人的高度,满墙怒放,非常震撼。”相关设计人员介绍。

“为什么武林广场的主题设定为葵花?”艺术墙主创者许江院长听了这一提问,没有正面回答,而是侃侃谈起了杭州的老故事:“老杭州们都知道,武林广场以前叫红太阳广场,而葵花又被称为向阳花。当人们从地铁列车中走出来时,看到这些葵花环绕的场景,就马上知道自己正身处杭州城市最中心。从这个站出去,有杭州大厦、杭州剧院……老杭州们甚至能联想起武林广场曾经发生过的故事。”

所以,许江院长总结说,满壁气势磅礴、热烈绽放的向阳花,暗合着武林广场的历史,意喻历史文脉和时代精神的融合。

打莲响、女装之都、历史车轮:

杭州发展的历史轨迹

除了重点站武林广场站的公共艺术墙建设之外,三个次重点站—城站站、客运中心站、火车东站站也值得一看。这三个站都是一号线上重要的交通枢纽,所以设计人员的用心,也细致入微。

地铁客运中心站的公共艺术墙,共有两面,规模在15个站点中仅次于武林广场站。这里的两面艺术墙,每面长40米、高2.2米,都出自中国美院设计艺术学院副院长周刚的手笔。

其中一面墙是一群盘着发髻、穿着蓝衣花裤的杭州“小嫂儿”,手持两头串着数个铜钱、扎着彩绸花穗的竹竿花棍,正在跳江干区的传统民间舞蹈“打莲响”。场面活泼喜庆,让人看了不由自主地手舞足蹈起来。

这面艺术墙的创作灵感,来自“打莲响”这种江南传统习俗。周刚告诉我,打莲响是一种舞蹈,一根竹竿,两头挂上麻钱和各式装饰物,当人们拿着这根竹竿跳起舞来,就会发出清脆响声,好听又好看。“每逢有喜事或有贵客到临时,江南的女人们就会跳起‘打莲响。”周刚说,“这个主题,特别符合客运中心站的特色。”

另一面墙上的“女装之都”则完全吻合了客运中心站左邻的新四季青服装城的主题,画面上除了一两个男性和小孩形象,其余都是清一色时尚女子,手上拉着拉杆箱,朝着一个方向行进,她们手画得纤细,脚踩高跟鞋,发型多变。她们嘴角线条微微上扬,透出时尚的自信,积极向上的现代都市气息扑面而来。

在火车东站地铁站,我所看到的公共艺术墙则是一组壁绘叠加浅浮雕,画的是旅客们从城郊到城市的多种交通方式。

设计人员告诉我,他们在初稿中曾经提出过一个设想—在浮雕的两端连接两把现实中的椅子,人坐在椅子上,犹如身在画中。但是,椅子体积过大,可能会妨碍交通,也可能会让乘客流连忘返,争相坐上去拍照。所以这个设想最终做了修正,两把椅子改为浅浮雕,人们最多只能浅靠,不能坐上去。

城站地铁站的公共艺术墙和火车东站有异曲同工之妙,原来设计了4个巨大的不同时代的火车车轮滚滚前行,杭州城站在那些时代中的不同模样,就像黑白影片一样,在镂空的车轮中间一一浮现。后来,大家在讨论后认为,城站已经迎来了更新、速度更快的“高铁时代”和“地铁时代”,最终方案决定再添加两个车轮:一个是高铁的车轮,一个是地铁的车轮。

6个车轮卷动着往昔今日的历史,奔向更美好的未来。

坊巷生活、教书育人、跨湖问史:杭州多元文脉

除了重点站武林广场站和次重点站客运中心站、火车东站站、城站站之外,其余11个拥有公共艺术墙的车站,分别是湘湖站、西兴站、江陵路站、近江站、婺江路站、定安路站、龙翔桥站、凤起路站、金沙湖站、文泽路站、临平站。这11个站点,不但地理位置重要,而且周边特色文化凸显,能反映老杭州的历史和新时代的变迁,是杭州多元文脉的所在。

凤起路站就是其中代表。设计人员告诉我,这组作品名为《坊巷生活》,以“老杭州”的街巷和周边实景作为背景,将形态各异的当代人物作为画面主体。黑白色的背景和人物,彩色的雨伞和风筝,传统和时尚就这样被串联起来。

虽然我来到的时候还没有建好,但已经能看出,这面艺术墙上画的是建于20世纪20年代的洽丰里建筑群。门楣上还隐隐绰绰有“洽丰里”三个字。里弄小房青砖叠墙,沿街墙体挑出阳台,水泥栏板也带着纹饰,窗棂下有红砖砌出的条纹,活生生一派老杭州街巷风情。

背景之上,浮动着欣欣向荣、细雨蒙蒙的人间四月天。女人们打着彩伞,挎着彩包,笑着、行走着;男人们冒雨三三两两地骑车,车筐是明艳的黄色、蓝色或绿色;最热闹的是孩子,他们奔跑着,伸出小手,追逐天上的彩色风筝……

这面艺术墙里,有“现实与记忆中的杭州”,也有“时尚与传统的杭州”,饱含杭州城里世相百态,又洋溢着蓬勃的时代气息。

位于下沙高教园区的文泽路站主题很明确,以“教育”为主线,两面公共艺术墙,分别位于进站大厅通道两侧,上面画着十多个年轻的身影,或唱或跳或舞或奏,活泼奔放,表现了当代大学生的精神风貌。背景是活字印刷,古朴映衬着现代,青春蕴涵着活力。

此外,还有表现萧山跨湖桥文化和南宋官窑遗址、西施范蠡传说等的湘湖站;表现金沙湖美景“金沙碧波”的金沙湖站;表现诗人道潜笔下“五月临平山下路,藕花无数满汀洲”诗境的临平站……

在完成此稿采写之时,我又兴奋地得知,地铁公司打算对剩余的19个站点,暂时先满足地铁通用功能,将来根据实际情况或挖掘文化资源后,继续补充公共艺术设计。到那时,一个充满了文化味和多元文脉的城市表情,将以最立体的形式展现在我们眼前。

Public Art Walls in Hangzhou Metro: Citys Facial Expressions

By Qi Yongye, our special reporter

Hangzhou Metro started operating at the end of October 2012. What will the city have with this unprecedented public transit system in place? The system is more than a good alternative for avoiding traffic snarls above ground. It also gives artists of the city an opportunity to explore and depict the best of Hangzhou, a city with a history of several millennia.

In a recent interview, Song Jianming, vice president of Hangzhou-based China Academy of Art, says that the metro features a series of public art walls designed by faculty and students of the academy. The walls are intended to be artistic signposts so that travelers can easily see which station they have just reached by looking at the art at the station.

Of the 34 stops of Metro Line One, 15 have such a special art design as a nameplate. Teams of professors and students of China Academy of Art worked on different art walls. “Sunflower Garden” at Wulin Station, a central stop in downtown Hangzhou, is a huge artwork spreading across four walls, portraying four seasons of a year. A standard art wall for Hangzhou Metro is 30 meters long and 3 meters tall, but the Wulin Station presents four walls, each being 15 meters long and 4.54 meters high. The bronze relief of the sunflowers on the four walls is respectively in the colors of green, orange, red, and yellow, representing different seasons. The art walls harmonize with 32 cylindrical pillars inside the station, forming a spectacle of magnificence. Of all the 15 designs, the one for Wulin Station had the earliest approval. It is predicted that the sunflowers blooming exuberantly on the four walls will surely wow people.

Why sunflowers? Xu Jiang, president of China Academy of Art and chief designer of the Sunflowers Garden, points to the history of the city square under which the station now functions as a subway transit center. It used to be called Red Sun Square. Nowadays some old-generation residents still refer to the square as Red Sun in short. The inspiration for the wall partly came from the name of the square. These sunflowers point to the city center, which radiates out to Hangzhou Theater and shopping malls with classy boutiques and arcades in close vicinity of the square. President Xu summarizes that the sunflowers associates the past with the present of the downtown Hangzhou.

In sequence of importance, Chengzhan Railway Station, Central Metro Station and East Railway Station are other three public transit hubs of Hangzhous Metro Line One. The art walls there also present designs by masters. Central Metro Station has the second largest public display area: each of the two art walls is 40 meters long and 2.2 meters high. The two huge artworks were designed by Zhou Gang, vice dean of the Design Art College of China Academy of Art. One mammoth sculpture portrays a cityscape of fashion and people, which indicate there is a huge fashion marketplace spreading a few city blocks in Jianggan District. The other porcelain painting highlights a folk dance called “Lotus Rhythm”. This folk dance dates to ancient times in this part of Hangzhou. Dancers wield a 1-meter-long slender bamboo pole decorated with strings and silk. While dancing, the dancers use the pole to make sounds and mark rhythm. That is why the dance is called Lotus Rhythm.

If Xu Jiang uses sunflowers to symbolize the past and the present of the city center, if Zhou Gang focuses on the beauty of women in history and modern times, the other 13 stations distinguish themselves in landmark images. Fengqi Road, a time-honored downtown residential area, presents the image of ancient urban folk residences and residents. Wenze Road in Xiasha College Zone depicts the college life. Linping, a satellite town in the northern suburb of Hangzhou, illustrates an ancient poem that describes a local scene of lotus flowers in May. Xianghu Station portrays 8,000-year-old artifacts unearthed at Xianghu and an ancient legend.

The fifteen art walls were installed in mid September. At present, the other 19 stations have no public art walls yet. The subway authorities plan to install designs after the subway becomes operational. City planners will take time to think about cultural and historical significance of the subway stations and artists of China Academy of Art will take time to think about ways to create images to reflect culture and history.

When all these art walls are in place, the city will have a full range of artistic expressions in its first subway system.

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