宋朝最后的女词人

鲁晓敏

运，凝聚家国情怀。这一时期，她一改委婉派手法，写下了《塞上曲》《塞下曲》《幽州胡马客》《王将军墓》《从军行》等慷慨激昂的诗篇。从她的诗词里不难看出她的木兰风骨，充满着驰骋疆场、报效国家的殷切情怀。这些诗词，足以在文学史上占据一席之地。我们无法解密玉娘幽居的生活，但有一点可以肯定的是，她外表冷漠，内心火热，大凡才华绝代的女子，曲高和寡，她的精神领地很难被人涉足，很难被人理解。

张玉娘的脱颖而出，靠的就是她的才气和灵气。陈亮之后再难寻觅杰出的词家，玉娘的词可算是精品中之精品了。张玉娘在文学界没有得到等身的地位，是耐人寻味的。唐人宋人的隐于市，往往是以退为进，将自己的才华公布于世，引起轰动效应，引起朝野的关注，达到出仕的目的。说穿了有做秀的成分。而玉娘有着许由、巢父的真隐，才美不外见。与张玉娘同一个朝代的李清照，身居王朝的文化中心，父亲李格非是著名的学者，公公赵挺之是当朝宰相，丈夫赵明诚是著名的金石大家，这样的家庭背景使得她很自然地融入顶级文化圈。朱淑真类似李清照，居住在南宋京城临安，出身官宦世家，涉足社会名流，她们都具备了成名的便利条件，她们的一举一动都会引起上层阶级和朝野的关注。身居闺阁中的玉娘，恪守妇道，她的诗是写给自己看的，不求名，不求利，默默地写作，读者也只有丫鬟和鹦鹉。她的足迹从未踏出松阳，不像多情的诗人到处留情留诗，她的诗很少

鹦鹉塚遗址

A monument marks the former site of Parrot Tombs

流到坊间，自然没有引起轰动，这也是她未引人重视的重要原因。另一个最重要原因是张玉娘的早逝，她在文学的道路上正处于攀升阶段，还远未达到创作的黄金期就过早离世，叫人扼腕痛惜。假以时日，那她一定能够开辟出元代的诗词江湖。历史是不能假设的，直到张玉娘死后300年，她才渐渐成名。

同为宋代杰出的女词人，文学界留给张玉娘的空间太狭窄。一部煌煌的《唐宋词鉴赏辞典》共收入百余位词人共700多首词，收入吴淑姬词1首，朱淑真词6首，李清照词更是多达31首，独独不见张玉娘的作品，是疏漏、漠视、偏见或是其他原因？客观上来说，张玉娘的文才和词宗大家还有不少差距，但她的顶尖力作可以和李清照的相媲美，而且张玉娘具有坚贞的品质，古希腊式的悲情，更让人怜惜。用她自己的话来说：丈夫以忠勇自期，妇人则以贞洁自许。她是这么说的，也是这么做的。这种传奇身世和人品魅力，也是她能与李清照、朱淑真、吴淑姬等人比肩的重要基石。

风揉碎了史册，也揉碎了芳心，漫漫悲情卷地而来。张玉娘像是宋词中掉出的一页书笺，夹着一缕骄傲的伤感，那颗玲珑的文心，一次次打动后人的心扉。她的大爱大恨，至刚至柔，超越千年。□

The Last Female Poet of the

Song Dynasty

By Lu Xiaomin

A statue of Song poet Zhang Yuniang has recently been unveiled at Riverside Park in the capital of Songyang, a rural county in southern Zhejiang. Zhang Yuniang (1250-1276) was a poet living in the last years of the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279). She is little known as a poet. Her 26-year short life witnessed how a romance turned into a tragedy.

At 15, she was engaged with Shen Quan, a local scholar. They were distant rela-tives. The romance blossomed. As the Shen family went down in the world, however, Zhangs parents regretted about the mar-riage arrangement and wanted to renege on the engagement, but the girl did not want to break the engagement. In 1271, the 22-year-old Shen Quan came out the second in the national examination, as recorded in the Annals of Songyang County. This could have served as an upswing turn in the life of the young scholar, but unfortunately, he went down with typhoid and died. Zhang Yuniang refused considering any other mar-riage proposal. She mourned her scholar in grief. Five years later, the grief became so unbearable that she committed suicide by jumping into a well. Her two maids com-mitted suicide too. Even her pet parrot died. Zhang Yuniang was buried with Shen Quan