岩雕艺术之岛
2012-04-29骆战红
骆战红
在玉环沿海散落的50多个岛屿中,大鹿岛无疑是最闪亮的一颗珍珠,因为这里绽放着岩雕艺术之花。
这座孤悬于浩瀚东海的小岛,面积仅1.7平方公里,却因为种植着380多种海岛植物,森林覆盖率达87.5%,成为全省森林最好、植物最丰富的海岛。
1985年,中国美术学院教授洪世清来到岛上,历经16年,刻下99件岩雕,让“大地艺术之花”在大鹿岛盛开,刘海粟先生誉之为“海天奇观”,并写下《大鹿岛岩雕铭》。
今天的大鹿岛,已成为蜚声中外的“美术岛”。在浙江海洋经济发展示范区规划中,大鹿岛被列入省重点开发滨海旅游岛。
神鹿浮游万顷波
从玉环本岛栈台码头登上快艇,向东南航行4海里,就到大鹿岛。
站在船头远远看去,波涛起伏的海面上,大鹿岛犹如一头神鹿浮游于惊涛骇浪之中。
这使得玉环人在相当长的时期内,坚信父辈们说的那个神话是真的:天廷有两只六瑶花神鹿,因为盗取仙果种子撒播人间,触犯天规,遭霹雳击顶、天火烧身而坠入东海,形成了隆起的两座相连的岛屿,形似鹿首傲视海面。故人们称其为大鹿岛。
玉环县志则记载了另一个关于大鹿岛的传说。
有一次八洞神仙要到瑶池参加王母的蟠桃会,路过鹿城温州歇脚。吕洞宾发现鹿城无鹿,一时兴起找来了三只梅花鹿,想让它们为鹿城添彩。可三只鹿不听使唤,时辰又到,吕洞宾一不做、二不休,趁三只鹿没提防,将它们推下海去。落海的梅花鹿硬撑着挣出海面,却变成了大鹿岛、中鹿岛、小鹿岛。
玉环现任文联副主席黄立轩就是从这个传说初识大鹿岛的。黄立轩的老家坎门距离大鹿岛6海里。出海的渔船从这里的海边经过,常有渔民说听到风中夹带着啾啾的鹿鸣,如悲如泣地在诉说:“吕洞宾害我!吕洞宾害我!”
成年后的黄立轩,已记不清自己上了几次大鹿岛。而每一次进岛,他都陶醉于这个小岛仙境般的自然。他说:大鹿岛的海是神奇的,有时候浪花簇拥,有时候平滑如镜,碧水银波直连浩淼东海,令人心胸坦荡。大鹿岛的沙滩是迷人的,近山边是粗沙,海岸处是细沙,中间镶嵌着一颗颗鹅卵石,柔软、洁白。
像回到了童年,黄立轩在大鹿岛玩撬石头、挖沙砾、筑沙城,在沙滩上追逐,偶尔也打几块水漂石。玩累了,就去沙滩上静静地躺着,将耳朵贴近沙面,聆听着大海的搏动。或者捡几枚贝壳,敲几个佛手,与黄羊为伴,与自然作一次亲昵的对话,慢慢地领悟那种超脱的意境。
“东海碧玉”寄风情
今天的大鹿岛,经济林、用材林、特用林、观赏林以及海岛防护林交汇错落,一年四季绿林成荫,林涛起伏。尤为珍贵的是,岛上还种着一棵1972年美国总统尼克松访华时赠予我国的美国红杉分枝,如今也早已开枝散叶,挺拔俊逸,直入云霄。
当游客漫步岛上,不经意抬头,还可见北美的鹅掌楸、阿尔巴尼亚的海岸松、日本的扁柏迎客而立,迎风婆娑。树林间,无数叫不出名的鸟儿在飞转或栖息,敏捷的黄羊,转眼间不见踪影。大鹿岛的森林、四周浩瀚的大海和沿岸的礁滩岩雕,组成了独具风韵的山海胜景。
眼前的一切,让一位名叫陈光秋的62岁游客禁不住喜极而泣。她不是一名普通的游客,45年前,妙龄少女的她,和5位平均年龄不到17周岁的女伴一起,被县解放塘农场派来大鹿岛新建苗圃,绿化荒岛。
时隔半个世纪,当她两鬓斑白,重临故地时,眼前的大鹿岛已是满山秀林,鸟语羊鸣。她禁不住呼喊:“美丽的大鹿岛啊,您可记得,在您沉睡的45年前,我们这群妙龄少女曾给您梳过妆,帮您洗过脸,为您撒播过绿的萌芽!如今,您绿树葱翠、奇礁峥嵘,被誉为‘东海碧玉,我们当年的梦想已成为现实。我们为您骄傲,为您自豪!”
时光荏苒。1963年,一支40多人组成的青年造林队响应党的号召,怀着绿化祖国的雄心壮志登上大鹿岛,风餐露宿,斩荆撬石,历经20多个春秋,使得海上荒岛四季覆绿,植被丰厚。
陳光秋至今依然清晰地记得那奉献青春的难忘岁月。
垦荒队员们的梦想成真。1991年,获林业部批准,大鹿岛被定为省级森林公园。2007年被评为国家4A级旅游风景区。...
而大鹿岛也铭记下了这些奉献者的足迹。在大鹿岛风景区小鹿岛北面中麓地势平坦处,一处2000多平方米的知青房至今保存完整。当陈光秋再次走进当初生活的营房时,45年前的那人、那事、那山、那水似乎还跟昨天一样,“当年的我们像深山野坳中的神秘女神,飘飘欲仙地在岛上播种绿的希望。”陈光秋说。
海天奇观美术岛
今天去大鹿岛的游客,首当其冲是为了观赏中国美院已故教授洪世清留下的绝世佳作——大鹿岛岩雕群。
在洪世清教授的凿“笔”下,大鹿岛的岩礁被赋予了全新的生命:“鱼儿”在游泳,“螃蟹”在横闯,“海龟”在爬行,“海豚”在听潮……它们有的伏卧在滩边,接受惊涛骇浪的洗礼;有的高踞崖间,与海鸥彩云共邀明月;有的掩映在洞壑之内,似与海风潮音窃窃私语。
这群石化的海洋生物共99件,洪世清教授以三分之一是天成、三分之一是人工、剩下三分之一有待时间去日晒、风吹、雨打来完成的创作思路,依石赋形,让它们千变万化,却又无不与大海、峭壁、沙滩、蓝天、白云、绿树、渔船相生相谐,组成既是天成又是人为的亘古永存的大地艺术景观,给大鹿岛披上了一件瑰丽的艺术霓裳。
于是,这座孤悬于东经121°、北纬28°,瓯江口外玉环本岛东披山洋面的小岛,开始蜚声海内外。香港《美术家》杂志的评论说:“这个触目都是岩雕艺术的‘美术岛,不但在中国,即使在全世界范围来说,也是一个令人惊异的创举。”国内外媒体也纷纷刊发评论,称赞洪世清教授的大鹿岛岩雕群为“大地艺术之花”。艺术大师刘海粟对洪世清只身深入孤岛从事艺术创作的经历大加赞赏,称大鹿岛岩雕艺术为“永世不朽的杰作”,并欣然写下《大鹿岛岩雕铭》,由书法大家钱君匋书写巨幅,镌刻于大鹿岛寿星岩左侧石崖上。
洪世清教授于2008年11月13日因病逝世于杭州,享年80岁。他把人生宝贵的16年留给了大鹿岛。
1985年,时年近60岁的洪世清教授第一次登上大鹿岛,他走遍了这座小岛,大为惊叹这儿的险岩、陡壁、奇礁所保持的原始古朴的风貌,当即决定用自己的余生,在大鹿岛上创作当代岩雕,为后人留下一笔文化遗产。
很多人诧异于洪世清的决定。洪世清回答说,大鹿岛岩岸线超过十分之九,岩石群天造地设,千姿百态,是岩雕创作的最好载体,而且这些奇石怪岩又有碧海和青林烘托,必定平添艺术魅力。“而且大鹿岛是我在1948年从福建乘船去上海美专求学途中停靠过的地方,因此,特别有感情。”其时,洪世清教授已为寻找海岛岩雕群的理想创作之地,走遍全国南北岸线。
1986年初,这位华发披肩、精神矍铄的画家风尘仆仆地来到大鹿岛,一头扎进孤岛,坚持创作16年,几次从悬崖上、海潮里死里逃生,摔伤了躺在藤椅里仍叫人抬着继续创作,不知疲倦。玉环县大麦屿街道岭头村石匠周良进也就是在这不寻常的岁月中,与洪世清教授结下了朴素、深长的情谊。
1999年,洪世清教授完成了他的岩雕作品创作,但他又有了一个新的创意。在他扎身大鹿岛坚持创作的十多年时间里,他的经历和作品已引起世人的关注和赞赏,朱屺瞻、沙孟海、陆俨少等名家巨匠纷纷为大鹿岛题字。洪世清决定将这些大家的书法作品制作成摩崖石刻。就在他到玉环当地挑选石匠的时候,有文化基础的周良进走进了他的视线。
在洪世清教授的指导下,周良进在大鹿岛留下了自己石匠生涯里的得意之作,精心摩刻下了刘海粟的“大鹿岛”、朱屺瞻的“海上云冈”、沈定庵的“大朴不雕”、申石伽的“天籁”、洪世川的“龙宫将军”、沙孟海的长、宽各2.5米的巨字“龙”等等。如今,这些名家巨匠所书的摩崖题刻,主要集中于大鹿岛蟹山龙门桥“龙门赏石”景区,倚赖名家的手笔和石头的天然神韵出现在山海之间,成为大鹿岛一绝,令中外游客叹为观止。
但洪世清教授對艺术研究创作如痴如醉的形象同样深深地镌刻在周良进的心底,令他敬仰至今。当时洪世清教授已经是67岁的老人了,每天都颤巍巍地拄着拐杖到海边、沙滩、悬崖、峭壁中去找石头,看作品。一天夜里聊天时,周良进打趣地建议洪教授在大鹿岛刻下自己的大名,洪教授不以为然。就在整个石刻项目即将完工前的一天,洪教授突然约他出去转转。这天,洪教授随身带了笔墨,在大鹿岛南面找了一块礁石的小石缝,第一次写上了“洪世清”三个字。
这是一块毫不起眼的礁石,石缝里的每个字只有一寸不到的大小,不知情的人根本发现不了。那石缝狭窄到周良进几乎没法雕刻的地步。
周良进乐呵呵地说:“这个名字,是我亲手为洪教授刻下的,具体在哪个位置,除了我,没人知道!”
海风拂面,满岛山花烂漫。散布在海滩崖壁上的近百件岩雕,取岩礁块石的各种自然形态,以石刻、浮雕、圆雕等手法,雕琢出富有秦汉绘画构图风格的海生生物。这些大地艺术作品结构简练,手法凝重,形态谐趣,“鱼龙百变,顷成海天奇观。”对洪教授“心高眼阔,涉海槌崖”,海粟老人“嘉其艺,赏其志”。
艺术家长年累月用自己的心血雕成的艺术丰碑,将永远矗立在东海人民的心中。石不能言,然而一阵阵啁啾的鸟鸣和着林中的松风、海上的涛声,不舍昼夜地传诵着大鹿岛上的岩雕故事……□
大鹿岛岩雕铭
大鹿岛危峰险峻,盘磴嶔岖,草木丰茂,礁崖嶙峋。丙寅端月,学埭洪世清梯航登陆。嗟乎鸿蒙初辟之陈迹,还疑补天填海之剩痕。槌乃与石为新。衍汉墓魏窟绝艺,别开生面,为见阙鳞介传神。世清素擅丹青金石。心高眼阔,涉海槌崖。依形取势,审雕慎刻。海风吹雨,潮音送夜。汗血十年,造像九十九座。鱼龙百变,顷成海天奇观。或翔悬崖,或卧沙滩,或隐洞壑,或跃水底。
果然石不能言,默助无为之法,笔补造化,潜因妙用而成。群雕意承秦汉,刚健有力,苍郁多气,无媚世俗态,崇尚自然,与海天一体。风蚀浪淘,人天同构。洵艺史一家之言,会长驻南溟之间。余嘉其艺,尤赏其志,故撰文以识之。
——刘海粟
An Island of Stone Sculptures
By Luo Zhanhong
Of over 50 offshore isles along Yuhuan County in southern Zhejiang Province, Big Deer Isle is the most famous. It is famous not merely because the 1.7-km2 isle is the best forest-covered isle with the largest number of species of plants but mainly because the isle boasts 99 stone sculptures created over a period of 16 years by Hong Shiqing, a professor with China Academy of Art based in Hangzhou. A well-established artist, Hong won Lu Xun woodcut award in 1996, the top award for woodcut artists of China. In May 1997, he was awarded Lu Xun Prize for Literature and Art.
The forest covering the island is not natural. In 1963, about 40 young volunteers came to the isle. They worked 20 years to cover the isle with a forest. The forest they created is composed of dif-ferent tree species: cash trees, timber trees, ornamental trees and shelterbelt trees. In particular, some trees are from overseas, includ-ing a California redwood tree, American white wood, cluster pine and Japan cypress. The California redwood tree was planted with a branch from the California redwood tree brought to China as a gift by American President Nixon in 1972.
In 1991, the isle was designated by the Ministry of Forestry as a provincial forest park. In 2007, it was designated as an AAAA na-tional scenic zone.
Professor Hong Shiqing visited the isle in 1985 when he was 56 years old. After walking around and checking the isle out, he felt amazed and elated by the exotic and majestic arrays of rocks, cliffs and reefs, for he finally found an ideal venue for his dream dedica-tions in the rest of his lifetime. Professor Hong did not make the decision on the impulse of moment. Before he discovered and decided to recreate the isle, he had traveled around the country in search of an ideal isle for his rock sculpture in-spirations.
Fortunately, the art project was carried out without much red tape. In early 1986, the master came to Big Deer. He settled down there and started working. By 1999, he had created 99 sculptures around the isle. His creations are all threefold: nature, his work and nature again. That is, his designs were all based on the original size and shape of each rock; he carved his designs and then let the elements add fin-ishing touches. These rock carvings are not isolated. They merge perfectly and intelligently with the sea, the sky, the beach, clouds, and trees. Before his project was completed, the rock sculptures be-came known to the art circles and media at home and abroad. These sculptures received rave reviews.
Master artists and calligraphers including Liu Haisu, Zhu Qizhan, Sha Menghai and Lu Yanshao created inscriptions for Hongs crea-tions. Hong engaged a local stonemason named Zhou Liangjin to do all the inscriptions onto huge rocks. Hong engaged him largely because Zhou was one of the best-educated local stonemasons. Today tourists can view these carved inscriptions at Dragon Gate scenic spot on the isle. Zhou Liangjin urged the professor to get his name down in one of the rocks on various occasions, but the profes-sor brushed aside the advice. Toward the end of his stone-carving project, however, the professor politely asked the stonemason to take a stroll on the isle. The professor took a brush-pen and ink. They walked. The professor stopped on a reef in the south of the isle. In a small crevasse of the reek, the professor wrote his name Hong Shiqing, each measuring about a square inch. The reef was nondescript and the crevasse was so narrow that Zhou Liangjin had difficulty carving the name. He did it, anyway. He has never told anybody where the signature is on the isle.
Hong Shiqing passed away in November 2008 in Hangzhou. Though he is dead now, the rock sculptures he created on Big Deer isle live on. □