浙江樱属新种——沼生矮樱

许元科1，赵昌高2，严邦祥1，马丹丹3，陈征海4*



浙江樱属新种——沼生矮樱

许元科，赵昌高，严邦祥，马丹丹，陈征海

（1. 浙江省景宁畲族自治县林业局，浙江 景宁 323500；2. 浙江省景宁畲族自治县林业总场，浙江 景宁 323500；3. 浙江农林大学，浙江 临安 311300；4. 浙江省森林资源监测中心，浙江 杭州 310020）

在浙江景宁及龙游发现了樱属（Mill.）新种——沼生矮樱（Z. H. Chen, G. Y. Li et Y. K. Xu）。该新种与细齿樱桃（(Franch.) T. T. Yu & C. L. Li）相近，区别在于本新种为湿生灌木；嫩枝无毛；叶片卵形、卵状椭圆形或倒卵状椭圆形，宽1.5 ~ 3.0 cm，齿端无腺体，中脉、侧脉连同网脉下陷，叶面皱缩，侧脉6 ~ 8对，叶柄无毛；苞片叶状，绿色，果时宿存，边有锯齿，齿端无腺体，有时基部柄上具细小腺体；花梗、萼筒无毛；花瓣粉红色，近圆形，先端微凹，中间具1 ~ 2小尖头；雄蕊约20枚；花柱于花后显著伸长。核果纵径约8 mm，横径6 ~ 7 mm；核表面棱纹不显著。

樱属；沼生矮樱；新种；浙江

在浙江植物资源调查过程中，发现了樱属（Mill.）新种——沼生矮樱（Z. H. Chen, G. Y. Li et Y. K. Xu），现予以报道。

During the investigation process of botanic resources in Zhejiang Province, a new species ofMill.,Z. H. Chen, G. Y. Li et Y. K. Xu, is found. The details is reported as follows.

沼生矮樱

Z. H. Chen, G. Y. Li et Y. K. Xu, sp. nov.

落叶灌木，高2 ~ 3 m，树皮紫褐色。小枝灰褐色；嫩枝淡紫褐色，疏被皮孔，无毛。冬芽卵形，无毛。叶片卵形、卵状椭圆形，或倒卵状椭圆形，长3.0 ~ 6.5 cm，宽1.5 ~ 3.0 cm，先端渐尖或骤尖，基部宽楔形至近圆形，边缘有单锯齿或重锯齿，齿渐尖，齿端无腺体，上面绿色，疏被短柔毛，中脉、侧脉连同网脉下陷，叶面皱缩，下面灰绿色，中脉淡紫红色，网脉清晰，侧脉6 ~ 8对，沿脉疏被柔毛；叶柄长4 ~ 10 mm，无毛，紫红色，顶端或叶片基部两侧各有1 ~ 2枚腺体；托叶披针形，常羽裂，边缘有细小腺齿，宿存。花序伞形或近伞形，有花1 ~ 3朵，花叶同开；总苞片褐色，近匙形，长2 ~ 3 mm，宽约2 mm，外面无毛，内面被柔毛；总梗极短或无；苞片叶状，卵形或狭卵形，果时宿存，长5 ~ 7 mm，宽3 ~ 4 mm，绿色，边有锯齿，齿端无腺体，基部具柄，柄上有时具细小腺体；花梗长0.8 ~ 1.8 cm，无毛；萼筒管状钟形，紫色，无毛，萼片卵状三角形，先端圆钝或急尖，外面无毛，内面边缘具疏毛，全缘，花时平展，花后微反折；花瓣粉红色，近圆形，基部无爪，先端微凹，中间具1 ~ 2小尖头；雄蕊约20枚；花柱略长于雄蕊，花后显著伸长，柱头头状。核果紫黑色，卵圆形，纵径约8 mm，横径6 ~ 7 mm，两端微凹；核扁卵形，表面棱纹不显著；果梗长1.0 ~ 1.5 cm，顶端略膨大。花期3月中旬，果期5月下旬。

Deciduous shrubs, 2-3 m tall. Bark purplish brown. Branchlets grayish brown; young branchlets light purplish brown, sparsely lenticels, glabrous. Winter buds ovoid, glabrous. Leaf blade ovate, ovate-elliptic, or obovateelliptic, （3.0-6.5）cm×（1.5-3.0）cm, apex acuminate or cuspidate，base broadly cuneate to rounded. Margin acuminately serrate or biserrate, teeth with no apical gland. Adaxially green and sparsely pubescent, midrib, lateral and net veins impressed, leaf wrinkled; abaxially pale green and glabrous, glabrous, midrib veins light purplish red, net veins clear and glabrous, lateral veins 6-8 on either side of midrib，sparsely pubescent along veins. Petiole 4-10mm, glabrous, purplish red, 1-2 glands on apex and each side of leaf base; Stipules lanceolate, often pinnatifid, margin has minute gland teeth, persistent in fruit. Inflorescences umbellate or subumbellate, 1-3-flowered; involucral bracts brown, spatulate,（2-3）mm×2 mm, abaxially glabrous, adaxially pilose; peduncle very short or no peduncle; bracts leaf-like, green, subovate, ovate-oblong, persistent in fruit,（5-7）mm×（3-4）mm, margin serrate, teeth with no apical gland, base with stalk, sometimes with small gland on stalk. Flowers opening at same time as leaves. Pedicel 0.8-1.8cm, glabrous. Hypanthium tubular-campanulate, purplish red, glabrous. Sepals ovate-triangular, apex obtuse or acute, abaxially glabrous, adaxially margin sparsely pilose, margin entire, spreading, slightly reflexed after flowering. Petals pink, suborbicular, base sessile, apex retuse, 1-2 small tips in the middle. Stamens 20. Style slightly longer than stamens, significantly longer after flowering; stigma capitate. Drupe purplish black, oval, ca. 8 mm×（6-7）mm, ends retuse; endocarp ovoid, slightly compressed, unobviously sculptured. Pedicel 1.0-1.5 cm in fruit and apically slightly enlarged. Fl. Mar, fr. May.

本种与细齿樱桃(Franch.) T. T. Yu et C. L. Li相近，区别在于后者嫩枝伏生疏柔毛；叶片披针形、卵状披针形，齿端具头状小腺体，侧脉11 ~ 16对；苞片褐色，有腺齿，早落；花梗、萼筒基部被疏柔毛；花瓣白色，倒卵状椭圆形，先端圆钝；雄蕊38 ~ 44枚；核果纵径约1 cm，横径6 ~ 7 mm；核表面具显著棱纹；产于贵州、四川、西藏、云南、青海。

The new species is morphologically similar to(Franch.) T. T. Yu & C. L. Li, but different in the latter’s young branchlets appressed pilose；leaf blade lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, teeth with a minute capitate apical gland，secondary veins 11-16 on either side of midvein; bracts brown with gland teeth, caducous after anthesis; pedicel and hypanthium base adaxially pilose; petals white, obovateelliptic, apex obtuse, stamens 38-44; drupe ca. 1.0 cm × (0.6-0.7) cm; endocarp markedly sculptured; distributed in Guizhou, Sichuan, Tibet, Yunnan, Qinghai.

本种在浙江曾一度被鉴定为微毛樱(Schneid.) Yu et Li，但后者树皮灰黑色，枝、叶、花序多少被毛，叶片边缘齿端有小腺体，花序总梗长4 ~ 10 mm，苞片边缘齿端具锥状或头状腺体，萼筒钟状，萼片反折，果红色；产于安徽、河北、山西、陕西、甘肃、宁夏、河南、湖北、湖南、四川、贵州、云南、西藏。

The new species was defined before as(Schneid.) Yu et Li in Zhejiang Province, however for, bark greyish black, branch, leaf and inflorescence pilose; leaf margin teeth with small apical gland; inflorescence peduncle 4-10mm; bracts margin teeth with a conical to capitate apical gland; hypanthium campanulate, sepals reflexed; drupe red; distributed in Anhui, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, He’nan, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet.

浙江：景宁畲族自治县，大仰湖，海拔1 500 m，山地沼泽旁林缘、灌丛中，2012年5月22日，许元科、赵昌高等JN1205001号（模式，存浙江农林大学植物标本馆）、JN1205002号；同地，2011年3月19日, 陈征海照片景宁007号（花）；同地，2010年9月8日，陈征海照片01号；菖蒲湖，海拔1 350 m，山地沼泽旁林缘、灌丛中，2010年9月9日，陈征海照片菖蒲湖01号。龙游县，六春湖省级湿地公园，2010年11月20日，海拔1 350 m，山地沼泽旁灌丛中，陈征海照片六春湖05号；同地，2009年5月22日，海拔1 200 m，陈征海照片六春湖03号（果）。

Zhejiang Province: Jingning She Autonomous County, Dayanghu, alt.1500m, forest edge, thickets near swampland on mountains, Y.K.Xu, C.G.Zhao etc. JN1205001（Holotype, ZJFC）, JN1205002, May.22, 2012；ibid., Z.H.Chen digital photo No.JN007 (Fl.), Mar.19, 2011; ibid., Z.H.Chendigital photo No.01, Sep.8, 2011; Changpuhu, alt.1350m, forest edge, thickets near swampland on mountains, Z.H.Chen digital photo No.CPH01, Sep.9, 2011. Longyou County, Liuchunhu Provincial Wetland Park, thickets near swampland on mountains, alt.1350m, Z.H.Chen digital photo No.LCH05, Nov. 20, 2010; iid. .alt.1200m, Z.H.Chen digital photo No.LCH 03 (Fr.), May.22, 2009.

本新种株型低矮，花粉红色，果熟时由紫红色转紫黑色，秋叶、树干紫红色，十分美丽，是一种优良的观赏树种。

This new plant type short, flowers pink, drupe turn from purplish red to purplish black when ripening, autumn leaves and trunk purplish red, really beautiful, a good ornamental tree.

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A New Species ofMill. from Zhejiang Province

XU Yuan-ke，ZHAO Chang-gao，YAN Bang-xiang，MA Dan-dan，CHEN Zheng-hai

（）

A new species ofMill.,Z. H. Chen, G. Y. Li et Y. K. Xu, is reported in this paper. This new species is similar to(Franch.) T. T. Yu et C. L. Li. The difference is thatis hygrophyte shrub. Young branchlets glabrous. Leaf blade ovate, ovate-elliptic or obovateelliptic, 1.5-3.0 cm in width, teeth with no apical gland, midrib, lateral and net veins impressed, leaf wrinkled, lateral veins 6-8 on either side of midrib. Petiole glabrous. Bracts leaf-like, green，persistent in fruit, margin serrate, teeth with no apical gland, sometimes with small gland on stalk. Pedicel and hypanthium glabrous. Petals pink, suborbicular, apex retuse, 1-2 small tips in the middle. Stamens 20. Style significantly longer after flowering. Drupe ca.8×(6-7)mm. Endocarp unobviously sculptured.

Mill.;; new species; Zhejiang Province

1001-3776（2012）04-0081-03

S718.3

A

2012-03-10；

2012-05-10

许元科（1968－），男，浙江景宁人，高级工程师，从事林业生态工程研究与林技推广工作；*通讯作者。