英语翻译对比阅读之我见

　　摘 要： 古今明老师在英汉翻译基础这本书中曾对翻译这样定义：翻译是把一种语言所表达的思维内容用另一种语言所表达出来的语言活动，它包含着一个对原文含义的理解逐步深入，对原文含义的表达逐步完善的过程。在翻译中，毛荣贵老师说，对比阅读翻译是学习翻译的一个捷径，通过对比翻译可以萌“曲径通幽”之文思。本文就英语翻译对比阅读进行了研究。
　　关键词： 英语翻译 对比阅读 古今明 毛荣贵
　　
　　最近在读毛荣贵老师的《译然自得》时受益颇多，觉得英语翻译在对比阅读时更容易记得原文用词的美妙与汉语译文的精彩。其中有篇文章在《译然自得》的第一篇，题目名是“Kiss Lands Iranian Actress and Directors in Court”，首先在这个题目里“Land”这个词用得非常的生动，他没有采用“Send”或者是“Cause”等，因为“Land”使文章整体更具有美感。
　　其整篇文章是这样的：A Kiss planted on the forehead of a young Iranian directors by a well-known actress has landed the pair in court and sparked heated protests in the Islamic Republic over physical contact between the sexes.
　　Under Iran’s strict Islamic laws，implemented after the 1979 revolution led by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini，touching between unrelated men and women，even a handshake，is forbidden.So there was stunned silence at a film awards ceremony in the central city of Yazd last Friday when respected actress Gohar Kheirandish kissed the forehead of Ali Zamani and shook his hand when presenting the prizes for top director.
　　“I was chosen as the best film maker in the festival，I was a student of Kheirandish’s late husband，and she became emotional and kissed my forehead，”Zamani was quoted by the Etemad daily as saying on Thursday.The pair apologized for their actions and insisted it was spontaneous gesture not intended to cause offence.“She kissed me like a mother kisses her child，”he said.
　　But conservative authorities present at the ceremony saw it differently.The local justice department chief ordered their arrest for disturbing public morality.Zamani，who was in his 20s，appeared in court in Wednesdayand released on bail of $2，500，Kheirandish，who is in her 50s，was reported to be returning to Yazd to face the charges.On Monday，Moshen Talebpour，representative of Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khamenei in Yazd，organized a protest to condemn the kiss，the official IRNA news agency reported.“Today the enemy has targeted our Islamic beliefs，”he said.
　　Isranian cinema has an uneasy existence.Although lauded at international festivals around the world，Iranian films often struggle to make it past stict local censors.Conservative media lambasted the pair.“Our enemies are trying to harm Islam through culture and this event is an example of that effect，”an editorial in Ya Lessarat weekly said.A local Culture Ministry official was also arrested，accused of being “accomplice ”in allowing the pair to leave yazd.He was later released on $6，250 bails.“Although we condemn the move it should be underlined and considered that the event happened in a very emotional atmosphere and it was not preplanned，”a senior Yazd Culture Ministry official said.
　　Social restrictions have relaxed somewhat since moderate President Mohammad Khatami stormed to 1997 election win.Dress codes，particularly for women，have become more liberal with lipstick and scandals now tolerated，although they still have to cover their heads with scarves and loose fitting ankle-length clothing.But physical contact between sexes remains taboo，something one official found awkward when meeting Western women.“During ceremonies，I hold a glass in one hand and my bag in other hand to avoid shaking women’s hands，”Iran’s former representative to the United Nations Hadi Najid Hosseinian was quoted as saying by the Ya Lessarat weekly newspaper.“Foreign women are not aware of Islamic rules and when you don’t shake their hands they become red and yellow.”
　　
　　Najiad hosseinian said he had written to supreme Leader khamenei to ask whether，under certain circumstances，it was permissible to shake a woman’s hand.The answer was a firm “no.”
　　这篇文章乃是一篇新闻，文中用了很多正式的语言，从第一句的“planted”、“landed”和“sparkled”就能看出整篇文章的基调，正式而严肃。本篇文章主要介绍一个50多岁的知名女演员在颁奖时，在一位20多岁的男导演而头上亲吻了一下，而在国内引起的轩然大波。
　　这篇文章中共用了两个“Emotional”，第一个原译是：“本次电影节，我被选为最佳导演，我是Kheirandish已故丈夫的学生，他变得情绪激动，吻了我的额头。”Etemad日报周四如此引述了Zamani的话。然后毛荣贵老师改译成了：“本次电影节，我被选为最佳导演，因为我是Kheirandish已故丈夫的学生，所以他才动了感情而吻了我的额头。”Etemad日报周四如此引述了Zamani的这些话。“Emotional”在字典里的意思有“容易激动的，激动人的，激动感情的，感情的，情绪的”等含义，在本文里被译成情绪激动也未尝不可，但如果改译成了动了感情的话我觉得不妥，因为本文虽讲的就是在伊斯兰教法律社会下社会风气的严谨，未婚男女之间不允许有身体的接触，本文刻意提到了两个人的年龄，就是在说明一个吻所引发的事其实都是无中生有的，而此刻“Emotional”被译成动了感情，不经会让人误解，浮想联翩，这就违背了整篇文章所要表达的含义——撇清两个人的关系。所以我认为可以译成：“本次电影节，我被选为最佳导演，因为我是Kheirandish已故丈夫的学生，所以他感情激动地吻了我的额头。”
　　第二个“Emotional”在那段话里是这样译的：“虽然我们谴责这个行为，但需要强调考虑的是，此事件发生在一个非常情绪化的气氛中，而非预谋的。”此时被译成“非常情绪化的”当然欠妥，“非常情绪化”形容的是一个人的性格，是不能用来修饰“氛围”的，而且，这样译就会使词性偏向贬义，也违背了文章的整体基调。所以毛荣贵老师把他改译成了“极易动情的”，这样就很好，既修饰了氛围，也达到了褒义的目的。
　　文章中还有一句话是这样的“she kissed me like a mother kisses her child”原译成“他亲吻我，就像母亲亲吻他的孩。”，毛荣贵老师改译成了“她吻我，如母吻子。”，我觉得虽然改译的更简洁明了了，但也少了些温情的感觉，所以我认为改译成：“她亲吻我，就像一个母亲亲吻自己的孩子。”这样感觉会更细腻，而且也能将当时她的心情刻画出来。
　　
　　参考文献：
　　［1］毛荣贵，张琦编.译文对比分析.译然自得.中国对外翻译出版公司，2005.
　　［2］古今明主编.英汉翻译基础.上海外语教育出版社，1995.
　　［3］Eugene A.Nida.The Theory and Practice of Translation，E.J.Brill，1982.
　　［4］张培基主编.英汉翻译教程.上海外语教育出版社，1980.