完形填空之解题技巧

李彩霞

完形填空是高考试题的重要组成部分,占五分之一的分值。是学生感到最困难,最容易丢分的题型。究其原因,是学生不能把握文章的整体思路,受词汇量的制约,答题方法欠妥。学生往往是在没有浏览全文,掌握大意的前提下,直接答题,过多的进行选项对比,而不是通过对语篇的理解,文义的需要,去寻找答案,造成思路走偏,顾此失彼的现象。因此,在专项训练中,我们的主攻目标就是让学生把握完形填空的特点,养成正确的答题习惯。在完形填空的训练中,我们摸索出了如下方法。

(一)通过文章首尾句,抓整体氛围,把握文脉,准确推断最佳答案。

如2000年高考的完形填空,通过首句的窗口,抓住一些能反映语境褒贬或悲喜的标志性词汇或句子,大胆预测下文的气氛

I climbed the stairs slowly, carrying a big suitcase, my father following with two more. By the time I got to the third floor, I was __26__(tired) and at the same time feeling lonely. Worse still, Dad __27__(missed) a step and fell, sending my new suitcase __28__(rolling), down the stairs.指导学生去关注这些词汇:slowly,a big suitcase, lonely, worse still, miss, fell, turn red。让学生去体会文章的紧张气氛。确定出前三个选项的答案。

(二)通过分析上下文,准确全面的把握词义。

提醒学生注意词语的运用场合,一词多义,固定搭配等。

利用做过的一些练习让学生再次感受这方面的技巧。

如:The __1__ of that big black car hitting the sidewalk a few feet from us will never __2__ from my memory.

1. A. sight .B. signal C. view D. sign

2. A. disappearB. lost C. forget D. return

如:LaterMark returned safe and ____ to his mothers side, good-humored and all smiles as usual.

A. healthy B. happy C. sound D. voice

(三)具备丰富的生活常识和必要的文化背景知识。

通过例题去感受

如:Sam was an old farmer. He got up at five every morning to ____ fruit and vegetables and take a load off to market in his truck.

A. gather B. buy C. grow D. water

如:“____ her up,” the man said sounding like any other driver.

A. Cover B. Fill C. Check D. Tie

如:A cold wind blew through the __1__ window, but the old woman on the bed __2__ nothing. She was dead.

1. A. large B. open C. small D. pretty

2. A. did B. saw C. felt D. knew

(四)进入角色,产生共鸣,把握作者细微的心态。

例如:I started with it to the store. For a penny you could buy the magic cylinder of “long Tom popcorn.” __1__ the more I thought of my shinning __2__ disappearing forever into the black drawer the store keeper __3__ his money in, the slower my __4__ became as the store came nearer and nearer.

1. A. And B. So C. Still D. But

2. A. gift B. penny C. money D. cent

3. A. hid B. kept C. locked D. held

4. A. breath B. heart C. steps D. run

提醒学生此处生动的表现了作者因年龄很小,很天真,想用钱去买自己喜欢吃的东西却又舍不得的矛盾心理。

(五)积极思维,想象画面。

丰富的联想,大胆的勾勒画面是做好完形填空题的又一法宝。

如:He walked to the ladder and started __1__ it. He was holding the knife between his __2__. When he reached the top, he __3__ over my young friend sleeping peacefully. Then the man took the knife in his right hand, and with his __4__, he took…, ah…, a ham from the shelf. He cut off a big piece and left the __5__ he came. The door closed. The __6__ was gone, and I was left alone with my thoughts.

1. A. climbing B. moving C. cutting D. carrying

2. A. fingers B. hands C. feet D. teeth

3. A. stopped B. bent C. sat D. stood

4. A. knife B. left C. other D. hand

5. A. way B. door C. ladder D. shelf

6. A. man B. woman C. light D. lamp

总之,通过精心的指点,科学的训练,相信肯定能使学生“学有所得,学有所获。”