Ｄｏｏｒｓ Ｏｐｅｎ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ Ｔｉａｎ’ａｎｍｅｎ Ｒｏｓｔｒｕｍ

On January 1, 1988, the first day of “Beijing International Tourism Year,” the 75-year-old retiree Gao Xiwu was the first Chinese tourist to ascend the Tiananmen Rostrum, and a French couple became the first foreign tourists to do so. Tiananmen Rostrum was beingmade accessible to ordinary citizens over 500 years after its construction, receiving more than 2,000 tourists on that first day.

Tiananmen Gate was the principal entry to the Imperial Palace during the Ming and Qing dynasties spanning from the early 15th century to the early 20th century. When Chairman Mao Zedong announced the founding of the Peoples Republic of China on October 1, 1949 from the Tiananmen Rostrum, the five-starred national flag was raised over Tiananmen Square for the first time. However, following the founding ceremony of the PRC, the Tiananmen Rostrum opened its doors only for important national events, such as receiving distinguished foreign guests.

In 1984, a letter from a person named Hua Xing caught the attention of national leaders, including Hu Yaobang, then general secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC). In the letter to the central authorities, Hua expressed his hope that he would be allowed to enter “the heart of the country,” as the rostrum was proudly called. The central authorities responded by instructing the Beijing municipal government to work out a plan for opening it up.

On May 1, 1986, the Tiananmen Rostrum began to receive groups of special visitors. They included participants in conferences held by the CPC Central Committee or armies stationed in Beijing, deputies to the National Peoples Congress, and model workers. Strict registration and approval procedures were in place for the visits. Then in 1988, the rostrum was officially opened to the public. The price for entry was RMB 10 for domestic visitors. It was not cheap, but more than 600,000 visits were recorded in 1988 alone. In 2008, 20 years after its opening, it had received over 40 million visitors.

The Tiananmen Rostrum is the symbol of the nation. In the view of Yang Dengyan, who took part in preparatory work for the opening, “The unlocking of such an historic place, one so associated with Chinese leadership and power, proves that anything in China can be accessed by the people.” The Tiananmen Rostrum was revived against the larger backdrop of Chinas reform and opening-up, which accelerated dramatically in the following months. The number of open cities and counties increased to 288, affecting 160 million people in coastal areas.