英语强调句考点讲与练

乔　木

强调句是近年高考中对基础知识考查的一个热点，很多考生对强调句的概念及其用法比较模糊。为帮助同学们搞好考前复习，系统掌握强调句，现将有关知识总结如下：

强调句，又叫做强调结构，是指为了强调句子的某个成分，而改变句子的语序，使句子被分成两个部分，每个部分都有自己的动词。常见的强调句有两种，第一种即通常所说的“强调句型”,第二种又被称为“准强调句”。

一、关于强调句

1、强调句的构成

It is/was + 被强调的成分 + that + 其它成分

2、关于“被强调成分”

“被强调的成分”最常见的是句子的主语、宾语、状语，特殊情况下也可能是宾语补足语、表语等成分。如：

正常语序的陈述句：My father met with an old friend of his in the street yesterday.

改变语序后的强调句：上面这个句子可以有四种变化：

→ It was my father that/who met with an old friend of his in the street yesterday.（强调主语）

→ It was an old friend of his (that/whom) my father met with in the street yesterday.（强调宾语）

→ It was in the street that my father met with an old friend of his yesterday.（强调地点状语）

→ It was yesterday that my father met with an old friend of his in the street.（强调时间状语）

3、强调句中that的用法

⑴“被强调的成分”不论是时间状语还是地点状语，强调句仍然只能用that，而不能用when, where。如：

It was in Berlin that I first saw this film.

It was then that I recalled that I had left my wristwatch up in the bar.

⑵ “被强调的成分”如果是表示人的名词作主语或宾语时，在口语中常用who或whom 代替that。如：It was my father who met with an old friend of his in the street yesterday.

4、强调句中的主谓一致

“被强调的成分”如果是人称代词作主语时，通常用主格代词，但在口语中也常常使用宾格形式，但要注意人称和数的一致。试比较：

I suppose it is I who am responsible.

I suppose it is me who is responsible.

5、强调句的常见句式变化

⑴ 强调句型的疑问结构：一般疑问句一律用Is/Was it that …? 特殊疑问句则必须使用“特殊疑问词 + is/was it that …?”例如：

Was it her that you were talking about?

Was it last year that you got the scholarship?

Where was it that you saw the man?

Who was it that you want to see?

How is it that your answer differs from his?

What is it that you want me to say?

⑵“被强调的成分”如果是状语，且主句又为否定句时，通常发生“否定的转移”。如：

①I did not see my mother again until last year.

→ It was not until last year that I saw my mother again.

②He did not feel happy until he saw her.

→ It was not until he saw her that he felt happy.

③I did not have an opportunity of seeing them again for several years.

→ It was not for several years that I had an opportunity of seeing them again.

④I did not do it for myself.

→ It was not for myself that I did it.

6、强调句和限制性定语从句的区别

⑴ 强调句有一条所谓的“黄金法则”，即：在强调句型中，任何情况下使用It和 that都不会错。但是需要注意的是，使用了it和that的句子并不一定都是强调句。

⑵ 强调句中的that是个虚词，在句中不充当任何成分，也没有实在意义，只是起着标志性的结构作用，当“被强调的成分”是时间状语、地点状语、直接宾语或间接宾语时，有时可以省略。

定语从句中的that是关系代词或关系副词，作用有三：一是引导定语从句，二是指代先行词，表示人或物，三是代替先行词在从句中充当主语、宾语或状语等成分。充当宾语时常常可以省略。

⑶ 强调句的谓语动词一般只能是现在时或过去时的单数形式is和was，偶尔根据需要可采取复杂的形式。如：

It must have been his father that you saw just now.

It might be his father that youre thinking of.

但定语从句的谓语动词则有时态、语态、语气等各种形式的变化。

⑷ 强调句的“判别方法”——强调句如果去掉了It is/was … that …还可以还原为一个正常语序的陈述句，而且保持句子的结构完整，意义不变。而定语从句去掉关系代词或关系副词后，则通常需要还原成为两个简单句。试比较：

It is the tool that is most needed.（强调句）

→The tool is most needed.

This is the tool that is most needed.（定语从句）

→This is the tool. The tool is most needed.

二、关于准强调句

1、准强调句的构成：

What 引导的主语从句 + is/was + 被强调的成分

正常语序的陈述句：I need a good holiday.

改变语序后的准强调句：上面这个句子可以有两种说法：

①What I need is a good holiday.（作主语）

②A good holiday is what I need. （作表语）

2、准强调句中的“被强调成分”：

⑴ 准强调句通常只能强调主语或宾语，而不能强调其它成分。如：

My left leg hurts. → What hurts is my left leg.（强调主语）

I like her style.→ What I like is her style.（强调宾语）

⑵ Who/Whom不能用于准强调句，来强调表示人的主语或宾语。如：

My uncle telephoned. (√)

Who telephoned was my uncle. (×)

3、准强调句的三种基本句式：

⑴ 强调某人进行的动作时，可用“What+主语+动词did + is/was+(to) do sth.”句型。如：

①I wrote to George immediately.

→What I did was to write to George immediately.

②You have to choose one company to invest in.

→What you have to do is to choose one company to invest in.

③He got his wife followed by a private detective.

→What he did was get his wife followed by a private detective.

【注意】可以用all (that)代替what，强调只做了一件事而没有做其它的事。如：

Al l (that) he did was shake hands and wish me good luck.

Al l (that) she ever does is make jam.

⑵ 强调谈论的事物或主题时，what-从句既可放在系动词be之前，也可置于其后。如：

What impressed me most was its originality.

Its originality was what impressed me most.

⑶ 强调某人想要、需要或喜欢的东西时，通常用“What+主语+动词want/need,etc.+ is/was + sth.”句型。可以用于这个句型的动词，常见的有：want, need, hate, love, adore, like, dislike, enjoy, prefer等。如：

①We need a big garden.

→What we need is a big garden.

②We prefer not words but deeds.

→What we prefer is not words but deeds.

【注意】① 可以用all (that)代替what，强调某人只想要或只需要某物。如：

All (that) I want is a holiday.

All (that) a prisoner needed was a pass.

② 如果不强调动作的发出者，可以在what 或all that后面用动词的被动形式。如：

What was needed was a good organization.

All that was needed was a good organization.

三、历年高考真题

请选择最佳答案：

1. Was it during the Second World War__________he died? (MET1988)

A. that B. while C. in which D. then

2. All__________is needed is a supply of oil. (MET1989)

A. the thing B. that C. what D. which

3. It was not__________she took off her glasses__________I realized she was a famous film star.

A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; then (NMET92)

4. It was not until 1920__________regular radio broadcasts began. (NMET1995)

A. while B. which C. that D. since

5. It was about 600 years ago__________the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.

A. that B. until C. before D. when (NMET1997)

6. Was__________that I saw last night at the concert? (1997上海)

A. it you B. not you C. you D. that yourself

7. It was only when I reread his poems recently _____ I began to appreciate their beauty.

A. until B. that C. then D. so (NMET1998)

8.__________was in 1979__________I graduated from the university. (1998上海)

A. That; that B. It; that C. That; when D. It; when

9. I feel it is your husband who__________for the spoiled child. (2002上海)

A. is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be blamed D. should blame

10. Wasnt it Dr Wang who spoke to you just now? (1996上海)

A. I didnt know he was. B. Yes, it was.

C. No, he wasnt. D. Yes, he did.

11. It was not until she got home _______ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys. (2006 全国)

A. when B. that C. whereD. before

12. David said that it was because of his strong interest in literature ___ he chose the course.

A. that B. what C. why D. how (2006 上海)

13. When asked _____ they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved.

A. what B. why C. whom D. which （2008 湖南）

14. It was in New Zealand ________ Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith. (2008 全国二)

A. how B. that C. which D. when

15. It was not until midnight ________ they reached the camp site. (2008 重庆)

A. asB. whenC. whileD. that

【参考答案】1—5：ABBCA6—10：ABBAB11—15：BAABD