非谓语动词作状语考点透视和真题点击

刘晨阳

非谓语动词作状语历年是高考考查的重点，因为其形态各异，用法多样，同学们往往搞不清该用哪一个形式。要做好该类题目除了要掌握其各种形式和语法功能，能准确分析句子成分和结构外，我们还要熟悉一些有效的解题技巧，储备必要的解题秘笈，才能纵横考场，应付自如。

一、非谓语动词的时态和语态的形式

二、非谓语动词作状语的语法特征

三、非谓语动词作状语的条件：状语与主句之间首先满足逻辑主语的一致性，即非谓语动词的逻辑主语应该与主

句的主语一致，其次，有非谓语动词作状语时，句中不能出现表示并列或转折关系的连词。

如：(1)____________ the window ,my finger was hurt.

(2)____________the window, I hurt my finger.

A. CleaningB. While cleaning C. While I was cleaning D. Cleaned

汉语意思相同的两句，但因为它们的逻辑主语不一样，所以第一句选C，第二句选AB

四、非谓语动词作状语与状语从句之间的关系

非谓语动词作状语可以将其转换成状语从句。非谓语动词做原因状语时相当于as, since, because 引导的从句，作条件状语时相当于if ,unless引导的从句，作方式或伴随状语时可用并列句替代。作时间状语时可转换成when 引导的状语从句。但转换时要注意逻辑主语的一致性和主被动关系。

如：1. The research is so designed that once begun nothing can be done to change it.

=The research is so designed that once it js begun nothing can be done to change it..

2. Not understanding its meaning ,he asked the teacher to explain the word again.

=Because he didnt understand its meaning, he asked the teacher to explain the word again.

3. To find out more information from the text， he read it carefully again.

=In order to find out more information from the text ,he read it carefully again.

五、应考秘笈

秘笈一：将非谓语动词转换成状语从句是可以用来判定使用那种形式非谓语动词以及检查非谓语动词使用是否得当的方法之一。记住：现在分词一般式和完成式作状语时，分词的逻辑主语和主句主语是主动关系，现在分词完成被动式和过去分词作状语时分词和主句主语之间是被动关系。

秘笈二：注意下列固定短语在做状语时的表达方式：

Generally speaking,一般地说，

strictly speaking,从严格意义上来讲

totallyspeaking 总的说来

Judging from/by根据……判断

Given /allowing for 考虑到

秘笈三：不定式作结果状语常见的结构有：

Too adj./adv to do; too adj.+ a.+ n. to do

So adj. /adv as to do; such +n. as to do

注意：b表示一种事先没有预料的结果用不定死。不定式前可用only来加强意想不到的结果.如：The reporter hurried to the airport ,only to be told the film stars had left.

秘笈四：方式状语常考结构：主语（人、物）+be +adj. +to do

特点 1．句子的主语在逻辑关系上为不定式动作的宾语

2．形容词为：easy, hard, difficult, comfortable, dangerous等。如：

The telephone number is easy to remember.

08高考真题演练：

1._______ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if shed like that little doll on her bed. (08北京)

A. SeeingB. To seeC .SeeD. Seen

2.—Did the book give the information you needed?

—yes. But ________ it, I had to read the entire book. (08北京)

A. to findB. findC. to be finding D .finding

3. I feel greatly honored ________ into their society. (08北京)

A. to welcome B. welcoming C. to be welcomedD. welcomed

4.______ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of the victory. (08

天津)

A. To throwB. Thrown C. Throwing D. Being thrown

5.________ to reach then on the phone, we sent an e-mail instead. (08重庆)

A. FailB. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed

6.________ the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day. (08湖南)

A. Completing B. Complete.C. CompletedD. To complete

7.________ that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest. (08浙江)

A. Not realized B. Not to realize C. Not realizingD. Not to have realized

8. He was busy writing a story, only _____once in a while to smoke a cigarette. (08辽宁)

A. to stopB. stoppingC. to have stopped D. having stopped

9.________ around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Birds Nest for the 2008

Olympic Games. (08陕西)

A. Having shown B. To be shown C. Having been shown D. To show

10._________ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring. (08安徽)

A. To walk B .Walk C. Walked D. Having walked

11.________ in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in

the car. (08福建)

A. Waiting B. To wait C. Having waited D. To have waited

12. We had an anxious couple of weeks _______ for the results of the experiment. (08四川)

A. wait B. to be waitingC. waitedD. waiting

答案解析：

1．A。句意为:看到她要离开去睡觉，我问她是否喜欢她床上的那个小布娃娃。I与see之间为主动关系，故排除D项，B项为目的状语，但此处不表示目的，不符合语境，C项为动词原形，不符合句子结构，所以选A, seeing 作时间状语。

2．A。句意为：这本书给出你需要的信息了吗？是的。但要找到信息，我不得不读了整本书。由句意可知该句子为目的状语，故选A。C项强调动作的进行，不符合语境，B项不符合句法结构，且也不表示目的，D项，单从语法看，没错误，但不符合本句的语境含义。

3．C。句意为：进入他们的团体收到欢迎，我感到荣幸。从句意可知，我是受欢迎的，故应排除A,B两项。D项为过去分词，不合题意。

4．C。此题的逻辑主语the fans与动词throw之间应为主动关系，可排除B、D两项。通过语境可知let out loud shouts 与throw应为同时发生，故应用现在分词。

5．D。句意：由于没有打通电话，所以我给他们发了一封email。分析句子结构，要填入的应该是非谓语动词且在句中作原因状语，故排除 A项，而 C 项不定式用来表示目的，不符合句意，根据两个动作的先后顺序可得出“没能打通电话”发生在“发email”之前，又因 fail和主句主语之间是主动关系，故用v+ing形式的完成式。

6．D。句意：为了如期完成工程，我们必须每天多工作两个小时。从句子结构看，此处不是不定式作主语，completing分词作原因或时间状语，表同时，表主动，显然不符合提议。B项是谓语动词，句中无并列连词也无从属连词，也不缺少谓语，可排除，句子主语we和complete无法构成动宾关系，排除项C。

7．C。句意：没有意识到她身处危险之中，埃里克往森林深处走去。句子主语Eric 和realize之间是主谓关系，不要用被动语态。故应用现在分词或不定式。所以先排除A项。又因为不定式表示目的，而此处表伴随，故排除B、D两项。

8．B。句意：他在忙着写故事，知识偶尔停下来吸烟。此处可理解为分词短语作结果状语。不定式作结果状语常表示意料之外的结果，而现在分词作结果状语表示意料之中的结果，由于要吸烟，停一会儿是必然的。所以选B。

9．C。句意：我们在被带领着参观了水立方之后，又被带着去参观为2008年奥运会准备的鸟巢。非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语就是主句的主语。Show与 we为被动关系，故选C。

10．B。选项B Walking在句中是现在分词短语作状语，表示时间，相当于While he was walking in the fields on a March afternoon.

11．C。句意：已经排队等候了半个小时了，这位老人突然意识到他把支票忘在了车上。此处现在分词作时间状语，相当于状语从句“After he had waited …”。

12．D。句意：我们焦急地等试验结果，等了有几周时间。根据句子结构判断所填的动词应为伴随状况，因此选waiting。AC两项为谓语动词，B项不表示伴随。