假考非谓语动词、实考谓语动词

龙　敏

非谓语动词是高考英语中的必考重点内容，同学们在平时的练习中也做了大量的非谓语动词练习，久而久之，同学们容易滋生思维定势，把一些实际上是考查谓语动词的试题也误选为非谓语动词。下面笔者把高考试题中容易误选为非谓语动词但实考谓语动词的类型做个小结，以期对同学们的学习有所帮助。

类型一：祈使句中的谓语动词

祈使句是省略了主语的一类句子。认清祈使句也是破解选择谓语的重要手段之一。因此，一定要掌握标志性的连词and，or，otherwise及破折号、逗号和冒号的功能。

例1.Mary，______ here—everybody else，stay where you are.(2006全国卷I)

A.come B.comes

C.to come D.coming

解析：从后面的破折号可知，破折号前后是并列分句。Mary之后有逗号，可见不是主语，而是呼语。第一分句是带上了呼语的祈使句，故用动词原形作谓语。答案为A。

例2.There are 8 tips in Dr.Rogers lecture on sleep，and one of them：______ to bed early unless you think it is necessary.(2004 重庆卷)

A.doesnt go B.not to go

C.not going D.dont go

解析：从句中连词and及标点符号冒号可知，空格处为祈使句。如果此句不是冒号，而是is，则答案为非谓语动词作表语。本题正确答案为D。

类型二：并列句中谓语动词

一个句中通常不能出现两个(或以上)的谓语动词，但是如果句中有连词and，or，but，so等，则可以有并列谓语。

例3： At last，we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and______ down to eat our picnic lunch.

(2005上海卷)

A.sitting B.having sat

C.to sit D.sat

解析：答案选 D。由句中的 and 可知，此句为并列结构，空格处填 sat，与其前的谓语动词 found 并列。

例4.______ straight on and youll see a church.You wont miss it.(2004 湖北卷)

A.Go B.Going

C.If you go D.When going

解析：从句中“and youll see”的暗示可知，前一分句为祈使句，答案选A。

类型三：对话答语中省略主语的谓语动词

在会话中，答语者往往为了突出要表达的主要词语而常常会省略次要的或与前面重复的词语。有一部分考题正是以对话形式出现，在答语中设置空缺。其解题方法是：把答语带入到问语中，如果是对问语的某一部分进行回答或是整个答语的某一部分，则用非谓语动词；而如果根据语境另外出现了一个新句子，只是省略了主语的则要用谓语动词。

例5.—I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend.

—______good.(2006 湖北卷)

A.Sound B.Sounded

C.Sounding D.Sounds

解析：根据语境，答语应该是：It (that we can go skiing on the weekend) sounds good，这是一个省略了主语的答语，应选谓语动词。答案选D。

例6.—What should I do with this passage?

—______the main idea of each paragraph.(2005 重庆卷)

A.Finding out B.Found out

C.Find out D.To find out

解析：答案选 C。此题是 You should find out ...的省略。

类型四：句中带有插入语的谓语动词

该类题的设题特点是主语和谓语之间插入其他成分或句子来迷惑考生而误选非谓语动词。

例7.The country life he was used to____greatly since 1992.(2005 山东卷)

A.change B.has changed

C.changing D.have changed

解析：此题容易受插入的定语从句的影响而误选C，但是仔细分析句子结构后可知此题是(that) he was used to作定语，修饰先行词The country life。而主句缺谓语，所以该排除选项C。又因为时间状语since 1992可知时态该用现在完成时；再加上主语是The country life，所以本题正确答案为B。

例8.Professor Smith，along with his assistants，______ on the project day and night to meet the deadline.(2005 上海卷)

A.work B.working

C.is working D.are working

解析：通过分析句子的成分可知along with his assistant为插入语。本题缺少谓语动词，所以先排除非谓语动词选项B。 又从题意“他们正日以继日的工作”可知时态该用现在进行时；又因为主语是Professor Smith，所以答案C为正确选项。

【巩固练习】

1.______ the website of the Fire Department in your city，and you will learn a lot about firefighting.

A.Having searched B.To search

C.Searching D.Search

2.______ him enough time to get home before you telephone.

A.Give B.To give

C.Giving D.Given

3.To test eggs，______ them in a bowl of water： if they float，theyre bad；if they sink，theyre good.

A.put B.putting

C.to put D.to be putting

4.Ive never seen anyone run so fast—______David go.

A.just watch

B.just to watch

C.just watching

D.just having watched

5.Stanley，______ hello to your nephew.

A.come and say B.comes and says

C.to come and say D.coming and saying

6.Dont stand out there in the cold—______in here and get warm.

A.come B.comes

C.to come D.coming

7.Before you send the letter，______ with Bill to see if the address is right.

A.check B.to check

C.checking D.checked

8.If they dont understand it the first time， ______over it again until they do.

A.go B.to go

C.going D.to be going

9.If youre going on a long car journey， ______sure the vehicles are in good condition.

A.making B.to make

C.make D.having made

10.______ your hand over your mouth when you cough.

A.Put B.Putting

C.To put D.To be putting

11.______ the road along and youll find his house on the right.

A.Follow B.Following

C.To be following D.Having followed

12.Hoping he would not be seen，Bob rushed in，______ his book and rushed out.

A.picking up B.pick up

C.to pick up D.picked up

13.______ right away or youll miss the first train.

A.Start out B.Starting out

C.To start out D.Started out

14.______ good care of the vegetables so that they can remain fresh.

A.Take B.Taken

C.Having taken D.Taking

15.______ from the top of the building，and youll find the city more beautiful.

A.Look B.To look

C.Looking D.Looked

16.______ some of this juice—perhaps youll like it.

A.Trying B.Try

C.To try D.Having tried

17.Dont be discouraged.______ things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your life.

A.Taking B.To take

C.Take D.Taken

18.______，so she had to be sent to the hospital.

A.Being ill

B.Her mother was ill

C.Her mother being ill

D.Having been ill

19.______ many times，but he still didnt understand it.

A.Having been told

B.Though he was told

C.To have been told

D.He was told

20.First______ the rice by washing it，then ______ it in boiling water.

A.prepare；cook B.preparing；cooking

C.preparing；cook D.prepare；cooking

21.She cycled too fast round the corner， ______ her balance and______ off.

A.losing；falling B.lost；fell

C.losing；fell D.lost；falling

22.She set out soon after dark______ home an hour later.

A.arriving B.to arrive

C.having arrived D.and arrived

23.______ along the quiet road at forty miles an hour，and then an old man suddenly started to cross the road in front of me.

A.Driving

B.I was driving

C.Having driven

D.When I was driving

24.______ money if you can and many poor children in the poor mountainous areas will be able to go back to school.

A.Having given B.Given

C.To give D.Give

25.—Id like to take a weeks holiday. —______it.Were just too busy.

A.Forget B.Forgetting

C.Forgets D.Forgot

26.—Then lets have fish，beef with ____ tomatoes and a soup.OK? —______nice.

A.Sound B.Sounded

C.Sounding D.Sounds

27.—Each of the students，working hard at ____ his or her lessons，______ to go to ____ university. —So do I.

A.hope B.hopes

C.hoping D.hoped

28.The girl______ forward to buying a new diamond ring.

A.referred to looks

B.refers to looking

C.referred to looking

D.referring to look

29.—We havent heard from Jane for a long ____time. —What do you suppose______ to her?

A.was happening B.to happen

C.has happened D.having happened

30.The day we had looked forward to______ at last.

A.coming B.come

C.came D.comes

参考答案：

1-5 DAAAA 6-10 AAACA

11-15 ADAAA 16-20 BCBDA

21-25 BDBDA 26-30 DBCCC ★