初识一般过去时
2008-06-30刘才来刘志强
刘才来 刘志强
小明今天见到How was your weekend?犯了愁,以前他只见过How is your father?之类的句子。怎么今天is 变was了呢?他打开课本之后忙请教英语老师,老师告诉他,这是关于英语一般过去时的问题。
小明:什么是一般过去时?
老师:一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。如:
1.We were in Grade 7 last year. 去年我们读七年级。
(过去存在的状态)
2.Tom went to bed late last term. 上学期汤姆睡得很晚。
(过去反复发生的动作)
小明:一般过去时谓语动词叫什么形式,怎样变来的?
老师:叫动词的过去式。规则动词的过去式是动词原形加-ed得来的。下面就讲讲变的方法吧。
1.直接加ed。如:ask→asked, help→helped, play→played, want→wanted,need→needed
2.以e结尾的动词,加d。如:like→liked, love→loved, dance→danced
3.末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed。如:stop→stopped
4.以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,改“y”为“i”,再加-ed。如:study→studied,carry→carried
5.还有一些动词的过去式是不规则的,在平时学习时要加强记忆,这里给同学们列举一表格。
同学们,这里顺便给你们说一下规则动词过去式的读音。
1.在清辅音后加的ed读[t]。如:helped [helpt], asked [ɑ:skt]
2.在浊辅音和元音后加的ed读[d]。如:used [ju:zd], played [pleid]
3.在[t], [d]后加的ed读[id]。如:visited [vizitid], needed [ni:did]
小明:老师,一般过去时常与哪些时间状语连用?
老师:一般过去时常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如:yesterday, yes-terday morning, last summer, in 1996, a moment ago等。
小明:你能给我举几个一般过去时的陈述句,疑问句的例子吗?
老师:好。现在我分两部分给你举例。
一、谓语动词是be的情况
(一)陈述句
肯定式:This desk was new last year. 这桌子去年是新的。
否定式:Tom was not in last night. 汤姆昨天晚上不在家。
(二)疑问式
一般疑问句:将be提到句首即可。 如:
Was Mike twelve last year? 迈克去年十二岁吗?
肯定回答:Yes, he was. 是的,他是。
否定回答:No, he wasnt. 不,他不是。
特殊疑问句 如:
——Where was John yesterday morning? 昨天上午约翰在哪里?
——He was in the study. 他在书房。
二、谓语动词是实义动词的情况
(一)陈述句
肯定式:I did my homework last Sunday. 上周日我做了家庭作业。
否定式:They didnt go to the beach yesterday morning.
昨天上午他们没去海滨。
(二)疑问式
一般疑问句:将助动词did放在句首,动词用原形。如:
Did you clean your classroom this afternoon?
今天下午你打扫教室了吗?
肯定回答:Yes, I did. 是的,我打扫了。
否定回答:No, I didnt. 不,我没打扫。
特殊疑问句 如:
——What did you do last night? 你昨晚做了什么?
——I went to the movies. 我看电影去了。
小明:谢谢老师。我明白了一般过去时的用法。
练习:
1. When ____ your birthday?
A. is B. was C. were D. are
2. His grandmother ____ on November 1, 1991.
A. dies B. died C. die D. dead
3. He ____ this book last week.
A. read B. reads C. readed D. is reading
4. She ____ here yesterday.
A. didnt came B. comes C. come D. didnt come
5. ____ you ____ the cute koala bear in the zoo last Monday.
A. Do, see B. Do, look C. Did, see D. Did, look
6. ____ you have great fun ____ the games?
A. Are, playing B. Do, played C. Did, playing D. Did, to play
7. When he ____ young, there ____ not so much food for him.
A. is, is B. was, was C. is, was D. was, is
8. ——____ your last vacation great?
——Yes, it was.
A. Is B. Are C. Was D. Were
9. They ____ the new building last week.
A. move B. moved C. moved to D. moved on
10. ——Where ____ he ____ volleyball last Sunday?
——In the Childrens Palace.
A. do, play B. are, playing C. did, play D. does, play
Key(2)