中考对词序和语序的测试

张祥美

词序和语序是历年中考必考的语法项目之一。2007年全国各省市中考试题对词序和语序的考查基本上覆盖了初中教材中出现的语法项目。本文结合2007年和2006年部分省市的中考试题，对此作一分析。

一、考查副词enough的位置

1. (2007芜湖市) —What do you think of the lecture(演讲) of Li Yangs Crazy English？

—I think its____ ，but someone thinks its much too____ .

A. wonderful enough； bored B. enough wonderful； boring

C. wonderful enough； boring D. enough wonderful； bored

2. (2006孝感市) Dont worry. She can look after your pet____ .

A. careful enough B. enough careful

C. carefully enough D. enough carefully

［解析］ enough作为程度副词，应位于被修饰的形容词、副词之后。

二、考查以so开头的句子中主语和谓语的位置

3. (2007乌鲁木齐市) —Im going to an amusement park.

—____.

A. So am I B. So are you

C. So you are D. So I am

4. (2007咸宁市) —Ann has made great progress recently.

—____ and____ .

A. So has she，so have you B. So has she，so you have

C. So she has，so you have D. So she has，so have you

5. (2006昆明市) People in England rest two days a week.____ .

A. So Chinese are B. So are Chinese

C. So do Chinese D. So Chinese do

［精析］ 表示某种情况也适合另一个人或物时，用由so引起的倒装句。表示说话人同意上面的说法时，则用由so引起的非倒装句，即其中的主语在前，谓语在后。

三、考查something等不定代词的修饰语的位置

6. (2007宁德市) —Have you got my e-mail today？

—Oh，theres____ with my computer. It doesnt work.

A. something wrong B. anything wrong

C. nothing wrong

7. (2007青海省) There is____ for you if you put your heart into it.

A. difficult nothing B. nothing easy

C. nothing difficult

8. (2007乌鲁木齐市) —Whats on TV tonight？

—Theres____ . Its boring.

A. something interesting B. anything interesting

C. everything interesting D. nothing interesting

9. (2006哈尔滨市) —What are you going to give your mother for her birthday？

—Im not sure. But Ill buy her____ .

A. something special B. anything special

C. special something

［精析］ 修饰something，everything，anything和nothing等不定代词的形容词应置于这些词之后。

四、考查连接代/副词与动词不定式的位置

10. (2007山西省) There are so many kinds of pens here. I cant decide____ .

A. when to choose B. to choose which

C. which one to choose

11. (2006包头市) Please ask the headmaster to decide____ .

A. to go there with whom B. whom to go there

C. whom to go there with D. with whom to go to

［精析］ 连接代/副词与动词不定式连用时，常在句中作及物动词的宾语，且连接代/副词应位于动词不定式之前。

五、考查否定词not和动词不定式的位置

12. (2007绍兴市) —What did your sister say to you last night？

—She asked me____ my father her secret.

A. to tell not B. not to tell

C. dont tell D. not tell

13. (2007佛山市) Drivers are warned____ when they are tired.

A. to drive B. not drive

C. not to drive

14. (2007成都市) Our teacher told us again____ to each other in the library.

A. to speak B. not to speak

C. dont speak

15. (2006杭州市) There are some dangerous fishes in the river，and Ive warned Jack____ here.

A. not to swim B. to not swim

C. swim not to D. to swim not

16. (2006沈阳市) The teacher asked those boys____ too much noise in class.

A. do not make B. not make

C. not making D. not to make

［精析］ 动词不定式的否定式的构成为“not + to + 动词原形”。

六、考查it/them等代词在动词短语中的位置

17. (2007贵阳市) This problem is too difficult. Can you show me____？

A. how can I work it out B. how I can work it out

C. how to work out it

18. (2007青海省) Dont____ . We can send the old clothes to those poor children.

A. throw it away B. throw them away

C. throw away them

19. (2006重庆市) Smoking is bad for your health. Youd better____ .

A. give up it B. give it up

C. take out it D. take it out

20. (2006福州市) The blue skirt looks very nice. May I____ ？

A. try them on B. try it on

C. take them off D. take it off

［精析］ 由“动词 + 副词”构成的短语动词作谓语，代词作宾语时，代词应位于动词与副词之间。由“动词 + 介词”构成的短语动词作谓语，代词作宾语时，代词应位于介词之后。

七、考查连接代/副词引导的宾语从句

21. (2007北京市) —Do you know____ now？

—In the Peoples Hotel.

A. where is Tom working B. where did Tom work

C. where Tom is working D. where Tom worked

22. (2007南京市) I dont know____ .

A. where does he come from B. what is his name

C. how old he is D. when will he leave

23. (2007苏州市) —Could you tell me____ tomorrow morning？

—Well，it will start at 9 oclock.

A. when the film will start B. where will the film starts

C. when will the film start D. where the film will start

24. (2007怀化市) —Would you please tell me____ ？

—OK. Its a quiet and beautiful place. You can spend your weekend here.

A. what is Dong Cultural Village like

B. where Dong Cultural Village is

C. what Dong Cultural Village is like

25. (2007河南省) —Could you please tell me____ ？

—Bus No. 32 will take you right there.

A. where is Henan Museum

B. what Henan Museum is like

C. how can I get to Henan Museum

D. which bus I shall take to Henan Museum

26. (2006遵义市) —Can you see____ ？

—Writing a letter.

A. what hes doing B. what is he doing

C. what does he do

［精析］ 遇到由连接代/副词引导宾语从句时，要注意两点：一是连接代/副应置于从句句首，二是从句应该用陈述语序，即主语在前，谓语在后。

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