直接宾语和间接宾语学习要点

本刊资料

直接宾语和间接宾语是宾语的两种不同表现形式，正确掌握其用法应注意下列几点：

一、弄清什么是直接宾语和间接宾语

直接宾语通常表示动作所产生的结果或动作的承受者，一般情况下由物品名词担任。

Go and tell him the news, because it concerns him very much.

去把这个消息告诉他，因为与他关系很大。

Would you please pass me that book? It is beyond my reach.把那本书递给我好吗？我够不着。

I have completely forgotten who taught us physics in middle school.

我已经完全忘了中学里谁教我们物理。

间接宾语常表示动作所指向或所作为的对象，一般情况下由人称代词担任。

Have you decided to send her an invitation next week? 你有没有决定下周给她发请柬？

Would you like to lend me five thousand yuan to buy a motor?

你愿意借5000元给我买摩托车吗？

The guard asked the visitors to show him their passes.

卫兵请来访者出示通行证。

二、弄清直接宾语和间接宾语的位置特点

一般情况下间接宾语放在前面，直接宾语放在后面，但有时也可以将直接宾语放在前面，间接宾语放在后面，其间通过介词to或for来连接。

Can you find me a book to read? I have nothing else to do.

=Can you find a book for me to read? I have nothing else to do.

你能替我找一本书来读吗？我没有别的事可做。

My mother promised to buy me a new computer.

=My mother promised to buy a new computer for me.

我妈妈答应给我买一台新电脑。

Please give them the tickets; they need them badly.

=Please give the tickets to them; they need them badly.

请把这些票给他们，他们非常需要这些票。

They sold the local villagers the vegetables.

=They sold the vegetables to the local villagers.

他们把蔬菜卖给了当地村民。

三、弄清直接宾语和间接宾语的常用句型

1.及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语

write, offer, teach, make, cook, lend, bring, buy, get, find, mail, throw, tell, sell, show, do, pay, hand, send, pass等及物动词适用于该句型。

Mrs. Wang taught us chemistry about ten years ago. 大约十年前，王老师教我们化学。

Whenever Im in trouble, the young girl always offers me much help.

每当我处境困难时这女孩总给我提供许多帮助。

The young man wrote his girlfriend a letter immediately he got to that mountain village.

这个年轻人一到达那个山村就给他女朋友写了一封信。

2. 及物动词+直接宾语+to+间接宾语

introduce, tell, give, hand, bring, lend, offer, mail, pass, sell, show, throw, write, send等及物动词常用于这种句型。

Now, I would like to introduce something about our school to you.

现在我想向你介绍一下我校的情况。

You must show your article to ｔｈｅ teacher at that time. 那时你必须把你的文章给老师看一下。

I dont know when he will mail the parcel to her. 我不知道他什么时候会把这个包裹寄给她。

3.及物动词+直接宾语+for+间接宾语

look, get, buy, make, find, mend, book等及物动词常用于这种句型。

Can you tell me who can mend leather shoes for me?

你能告诉我谁能给我修皮鞋吗？

He asked them to make a desk for him at once.

他请他们立即给他做一张桌子。

Our mother cooks breakfast for us early in the morning.

每天一大早，母亲给我们做早饭。

必须注意的是，有些动词既可用于“及物动词+直接宾语+to+间接宾语”结构，也可用于“及物动词+直接宾语+for+间接宾语”结构，应注意其区别。我们可以说do good to sb.（给某人带来好处），do harm to sb.（给某人造成危害），do wrong to sb.（委屈某人），do service to sb.（给某人服务），do damage to sb. （给某人造成损害），但不可以说do a favour to sb. (帮某人一个忙)，一定得说do a favour for sb.。

It is well-known that taking a walk every day does good to our health. 众所周知，每天散步有益于我们的身体健康。

They are rude customers, so I dont want to do service to them.

他们是粗鲁的顾客，所以我不想为他们服务。

Being your good friend, I would like to do a favour for you.

作为你的好朋友，我愿意帮你的忙。

read sth. to sb. 把某内容念给某人听， read sth. for sb. 替某人念某内容。

Im very tired； please read the story to me. 我累了，请把这个故事念给我听。

Can you read the text for me? Im very thirｓty.你能替我念一下这篇课文吗？我很渴。

直接、间接宾语专项训练

一、单项选择

1. Exercise on the playground as much as possible, and it will really do good ____ you.

A. on B. for C. in D. to

2. The middle-aged woman offered an expensive car ____ him, but he refused her kindly.

A. in B. on C. to D. for

3. The local villagers sell all kinds of vegetables ____ people ｉｎ big cities.

A. for B. to C. with D. on

4. I cant finish so much work. Can you do a favour ____ me?

A. for B. to C. with D. toward

5. You neednt do service ____ him; he is such an impolite man.

A. for B. to Ｃ. with D. on

6. Would you like to read the news ____ me？Im very interested in ｉｔ.

A. for B. to C. on D. in

7. You cant smoke too much, because it can do great harm ____ your health.

A. on B. upon C. to D. toward

8. Why have you done such great wrong ____ his sister? She scolded you for your good.

A. of B. at C. to D. for

9. A terrible storm hit our village last week, doing great damage ____ our village.

A. against B. around C. about D. to

10. If you really have no room to live in, Ill find one ____ you.

A. for B. to C. with D. at

二、根据中文提示完成下列句子

1. If I go shopping this afternoon, Ill ____ ____(给你买) some clothes.

2. Can you ____ ____(给我做) a fishing ｒｏｄ? I want to go fishing.

3. Her shoes are already worn out. Please ____ them ____ ____ (给她补一下……).

4. Being a good cook, she often ____ ____(给我们煮) some food to eat.

5. Im very sorry that I cant ____ ____（把……借给你） any money, because Im short of money at present.

6. The rooms in our hotel are very limited, so you must ____ ____ (替他订) a room in advance.

7. Can you ____ ____(把……拿出 来给我看) your new watch? I have been told it is very beautiful.

8. Would you like to ____ ____ ____ ____(帮我一个忙) to carry the big stones away?

9. Will you please____ ____ (递给她) this dictionary? She is too short ｏｆ it.

10. It is well-known that swimming ____ ____ ____(给……带来好 处) our health.

三、在下列各句空白处填上适当的介词

1. Dont worry． Ill try to book tickets ____ all of you here.

2. Tom, can you hand that newspaper ____ me? It is out of my reach.

3. Please introduce something about your family ____ us.

4. The naughty boy asked his father to make a model plane ____ him.

5. Would you like to show your new magazine ____ us right now?

6. Last Tuesday, my father agreed to buy a present ____ me on my birthday.

7. If you dont show the pass ____ the guard, you cant get in.

8. Poor as she was, she still offered some money ____ me.

9. Being very busy, I have no time to write a letter ____ my parents.

10. This is Marys book, so I cant lend it ____ anybody.

四、句型转换

1. Dont forget to bring my book to me when you come tomorrow.

Dont forget to ____ ____ my book when you come tomorrow.

2. I hope that you can cook another wonderful dinner for us.

I hope that you can ____ ____ another wonderful dinner.

3. Can you find a pen for me? I have no pen to write with.

Can you ____ ____ a pen? I have no pen to write with.

4. The boy asked his father to give some money to him.

The boy asked his father to ____ ____ some money.

5. Youd better send some money to her; she needs money badly.

Youd better ____ ____ some money; she needs money badly.

6. It was Mary that taught physics to us at that time.

It was Mary that ____ ____physics at that time.

7. Tell the news to him; he Wants to know everything.

____ ____ the news; he Wants to know everything.

8. Can you get some food for us? We are in great need of food.

Can you ____ ____ some food? We are in great need of food.

9. To my joy, he found my lost handbag for me.

To my joy, he ____ ____ my lost handbag.

10. The weather is getting colder; I must mail some warm clothes to her.

The weather is getting colder; I must ____ ____ some warm clothes.

Ｋｅｙ（２）