２００７年高考试题中Ｉｔ用法考点解析
2008-05-13朱广春
朱广春
it用法一直是高考考查的热点之一，现就2007年高考试题，对此用法考点作逐一解析如下：
一、考查it作形式主语和形式宾语
1. ____ felt funny watching myself on TV. （全国II）
A. One B. This C. It D. That
解析：答案为C。分析句子结构可知，本句是it作形式主语，watching myself on TV作真正主语的句型。one, this, that都不能在句中作形式主语。
2. ____ worries me the way he keeps changing his mind.（山东）
A. This B. That C. What D. It
解析：答案为D。分析句子结构可知，本句是it作形式主语，the way he keeps changing his mind作真正主语的句型。this, that, what都不能在句中作形式主语。
3. He didnt make ____ clear when and where the meeting would be held.（天津）
A. this B. that C. it D. these
解析：答案为C。分析句子结构可知，本句是it作形式宾语，when and where the meeting would be held作真正宾语的句型。this, that, these都不能在句中作形式宾语。
TIPS：
（1）一般来说，当it作形式宾语，其后常接形容词、少数名词作宾语补足语。能够后接it作形式宾语的通常是表示“认为”的谓语动词，如：think,consider, feel, find以及make（使）等。
（2）在谓语动词appreciate, like, dislike, hate, enjoy, love, prefer, see to（保证）, think of, depend on等词或词组后也可接it作形式宾语，指代if,when或that从句所包含的内容。
①Id appreciate ____ if you would like to teach me how to use the
computer.（06山东）
A. that B. it C. this D. you
②I like ____ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.（04河南）
A. this B. that C. it D. one
③Ill see to ____ that there are enough tickets for you.
A. one B. that C. it D. this
[参考答案]①B ②C ③C
（3）使用it作形式宾语的常用句型结构为：主语+think（consider, feel,find, make）+it（形式宾语）+形容词或名词（宾补）+不定式复合结构或名词性从句（真正宾语）。
①I think it a duty for us to help others in trouble.
我认为帮助处于困境中的人是我们的一种职责。
②They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job.
他们想要使公众明白，他们做的是一项重要且必要的工作。
二、考查it强调句型
1. I dont mind her criticizing me, but ____ is how she does it that I
object to.（江西）
A. it B. that C. this D. which
解析：答案为A。这是it强调句型，强调宾语从句“how she does it”，将原句还原后为“I object to how she does it”。
2. It ____ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks ____ I found we had a lot in common.（浙江）
A. was until; when B. was until; that
C. wasnt until; when D. wasnt until; that
解析：答案为D。这是it强调句型，强调的是时间状语从句“not until we had stayed together for a couple of weeks”，将原句还原后为“I didnt find we had a lot in common until we had stayed together for a couple of weeks”。题意为“直到呆在一起若干星期后，才发现我们之间有这么多的相似点”。
3. It is not who is right but what is right ____ is of importance.
（重庆）
A. which B. it C. that D. this
解析：答案为C。这是it强调句型，强调的是主语从句“not who is right but what is right”，将原句还原后为“Not who is right but what is right is of importance”。
TIPS:
(1)判断是it强调句型还是定语从句的方法是：去掉“It is（was）…that”后，若全句语法、语意仍然完整，即可断定为强调句型，否则，可当定语从句来处理。
(2)强调句型中的it无词义，但绝不可用this, that代替。
(3)is/was（不可用are/were代替）由原句的谓语时态来决定，现在时与将来时用is，过去时用was。
(4)强调主语时，原句谓语应与强调的主语在人称、数上保持不变。
(5)被强调的对象为人时，可用that/who（若强调的对象人作宾语，也可用whom）。其他情况一律用that。
(6)对人称代词强调时，应保持人称代词格不变。
(7)强调句型的陈述式为It is/was+被强调的成分+that/who+原句的其他成分。
(8)强调句型的一般疑问式为Is/Was it+被强调的成分+that/who+原句的其他成分？
(9)强调句型的特殊疑问式为疑问词+is/was it that/who+原句的其他成分？
三、考查it时间句型中状语从句连词的选用
1. ——He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller.
——When was ____?
——____ was in 2000 when he was still in college.（浙江）
A. that; This B. this; It C. it; This D. that; It
解析：答案为D。由第二空得知此处考查的是It+be+时间+when引导时间状语从句，it用来表示时间，故排除A、C；又因为两人叙述的是过去发生的事情，所以要用that来表示，this常用于表示下文要提到的事。
2. He was told that it would be at least three more months ____ he could recover and return to work.（江西）
A. when B. before C. since D. that
解析：答案为B。“It+be+一段时间+before引导时间状语从句”肯定式意为“多久以后才……”；否定式意为“没过多久就……”。本句句意为“他被告知至少在三个多月后他才能康复并重新工作”。
3. The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time ____ we meet them again.（安徽）
A. after B. before C. since D. when
解析：答案为B。“It+be+一段时间+before引导的时间状语从句”肯定式意为“多久以后才……”；否定式意为“没过多久就……”。本句句意为“很长时间以后我们才能再次见面”。
TIPS:
（1）“It+be+一段时间+before引导的时间状语从句”肯定式意为“多久以后才……”；否定式意为“没过多久就……”。
（2）“It+be+时间+when引导的时间状语从句”中it指时间，一般具体时间前无介词，主从句谓语时态一致，意为“当某事发生时，时间是……”。
——Did Jack come back early last night?
——Yes, it was not yet eight oclock ____ he arrived home.（05福建）
A. before B. when C. that D. until
（3）“It+be+一段时间+since引导的时间状语从句”since从句谓语时态必须是一般过去时或过去完成时，若since与延续性动词连用，则意为“某人不做某事已多久了”；若since与短暂性动词连用，则意为“某人做某事已多久了”。
That was really a splendid evening. Its years ____ I enjoyed myself
so much.（05安徽）
A. when B. that C. before D. since
四、考查it与one、that的区别
1. ——Have you heard the latest news?
——No, what ____?（全国I）
A. is it B. is there C. are they D. are those
解析：答案为A。news为不可数名词，it用来代替不可数名词或单数可数名词，特指前面提到的“同类同物”。
2. In my opinion,life in the twenty-first century is much easier than ____.（安徽）
A. that used to be B. it is used to
C. it was used to D. it used to be
解析：答案为D。it用来代替不可数名词或单数可数名词，特指前面提到的“同类同物”；that常用来替代带定冠词的不可数名词或单数可数名词，构成that of…的形式，表示“同类异物”；used to be 表示“过去曾经是”；be used to则表示“习惯于”。
3. Little joy can equal ____ of a surprising ending when you read
stories.（四川）
A. that B. those C. any D. some
解析：答案为A。that 常用来替代带定冠词的不可数名词或单数可数名词，构成that of…的形式，表示“同类异物”。此句中that=the joy。句意为：没有什么比得上读到一个出人意料的故事结尾更快乐的事。
4. The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than ____ in the newspaper.（辽宁）
A. it B. those C. one D. that
解析：答案为D。it用来代替不可数名词或单数可数名词，特指前面提到的“同类同物”；one一般用来替代带不定冠词的可数名词，表示“同类异物”，泛指同一类中的一个；that 常用来替代带定冠词的不可数名词或单数可数名词，表示“同类异物”。the one=that；the ones=those， that不能指代人的概念，而those既可以替代人也可以替代物。此处that替代the information。
5. ——There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow ____?
——No, Id rather buy ____ in the bookstore.（陕西）
A. it; one B. one; one C. one; it D. it; it
解析：答案为A。it用来代替不可数名词或单数可数名词，特指前面提到的“同类同物”，第一空与a copy of the book指同一物，用it；one一般用来替代带不定冠词的可数名词，表示“同类异物”，泛指同一类中的一个,第二空符合此点，则用one。
演练PK台：
1. ____ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy. （06浙江）
A. As B. That C. This D. It
2. As the busiest woman in Norton, she made ____ her duty to look
after all the other peoples affairs in that town.（06湖南）
A. this B. that C. one D. it
3. If I can help ____, I dont like working late into the night.（06全国I）
A. so B. that C. it D. them
4. It was after he got what he had desired ____ he realized it was not so important. （06辽宁）
A. that B. when C. since D. as
5. It was some time ____ we realized the truth.（05山东）
A. when B. until C. since D. before
6. I prefer a flat in Inverness to ____ in Perth, because I want to live near my moms.（05天津）
A. one B. that C. it D. this
7. The Parkers bought a new house but ____ will need a lot of work before they can move in.（01 全国）
A. they B. it C. one D. which
8. It is what you do rather than what you say ____ matters.（05天津）
A. that B. what C. which D. this
9. ——____ that he managed to get the information?
——Oh, a friend of his helped him. （05山东）
A. Where was it B. What was it
C. How was it D. Why was it
10. I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesn't matter ____ I'm talking to. （04广东）
A. who is it B. who it is C. it is who D. it is whom
Key(3)
