Ｕｎｉｔ１７Ｇｒｅａｔ　ｗｏｍｅｎ要点解读

2008-04-29缑桂芳

中学生英语高中综合天地 2008年4期

关键词：动名词单数复数

缑桂芳

一、词语例解

1. inspire vt. 1)鼓舞；激励

His noble example inspired the rest of us to greater efforts. 他那高尚的榜样激励我们大家更加努力。

I was inspired to work harder. 我受到鼓舞而更加努力工作。

The good weather inspired me to work in the garden. 好天气使我想起在花园里干点活儿。

2）赋予……灵感；给……以启示

The scene inspired his painting The Sun

flowers.这一场面启发他画出"向阳花"。

【联想拓展】inspirationn. 鼓舞; 激动; 鼓舞人心的人/事; 灵感

get inspiration from... 从……得到启示give (the) inspiration to... 启发；鼓舞

2. admire vt. 赞赏，欣赏；钦佩，羡慕

The tourists admired the view from the tow-er. 游客登塔欣赏景色。

He admires your poems very much.他非常欣赏你的诗。

We admire them for their great successes. 我们敬佩他们取得巨大成就。

3. mean adj 吝啬的，小气的；卑鄙的，心地不好的；鄙陋的

Her husband is very mean about money.她的丈夫在金钱上很吝啬。

She is mean and never invites people to meals. 她很小气，从不请人吃饭。

That was a mean trick! 那是一个卑劣的诡计!

It was mean of you to tease the little boy. 你戏弄那个小男孩，你真坏。

The young couple made their home in a mean dwelling. 这对年轻夫妇在一个简陋的住处安了家。

vt. (言词等) 表示……的意思（通常接名词、代词或宾语从句）；

You mean that you can help me? 你的意思是你可以帮助我？

When I say a thing Imean it 我说话是算数的。

What do you mean by acting like this?你这样做是什么意思？

vt.意欲；意图；打算（通常接名词、代词或动词不定式）

I mean her no harm.我无意伤害她。

I meant this photo for her. 我是准备把这张照片送给她的。

I mean to call on him this evening.我打算今晚拜访他。

注意：若用过去完成时表示“本来打算”，但实际上没有实行，例如：

I had meant to study history, but my father didnot agree with my idea.我本来打算学历史，但我父亲不同意。

n. an average 平均数，比例中项

The mean of 3,5 and 7 is 5.三、五和七的平均数是五。

Six is the mean number between three and nine. 六是三和九的中间数。

4. somehow adv.1) 由于某种未知的原因；不知怎么的

Somehow he was afraid of her.不知怎的,他怕她。

He arrived in Beijing somehow, though I dont know how he did it. 反正他到了北京，虽然我不知道他是怎样去的。

He could have finished it on schedule, but somehow he fell behind 他原本能按时做完这件事的，但不知怎么搞的却落后了。

【拓展】同义表达：by some means； by some means or other；in one way or another；no matter how；somehow or other

5. regretvt. 懊悔；因……而遗憾（可接名词、代词、从句、不定式、动名词）

I didnt regret the choice I had made. 我对所做的选择并不后悔。

I regret to say that we cant stay here any longer. 很抱歉，我要说我们不能再在这儿多呆了。

To this day I do not regret having made that remark. 我至今不后悔说了这话。

He regretted that he had failed in the exam.考试不及格，他感到很遗憾。

注意：接不定式与接动名词的区别，接不定式表示对将来做的事“感到遗憾或后悔”，接动名词表示对已做的事或已发生的事“感到后悔或遗憾”，例如：

He regretted telling her that bad new.把那个坏消息告诉了她，她感到后悔。

He regretted to tell her that bad news.要把那个坏消息告诉她，她感到遗憾。

n. 1）懊悔；悔恨；抱歉；遗憾

He felt no shame and no regret.他既不感到羞愧也不感到遗憾。

I felt a great regret at having spent my time in this way. 我对这样浪费光阴深感懊悔。

Much to my regret, I didnt go with them. 非常遗憾，我没有同他们一起去。

【搭配】 express regret at （for, over）对……表示可惜（遗憾）；为……表示抱歉

refuse with many regrets （much regret）婉言谢绝

send regrets （a regret） (尤指对请贴)发出辞谢信

a matter for regret 一件憾事

refuse with much regret 婉言拒绝

express deep regret at对……深表遗憾

二、短语精析

1. become of 后果会怎么样

But for the heat of the sun, what will be-come of the living things on earth？要是没有太阳的热，地球上的生物会成什么样子？

What will become of the naughty boy if he keeps behaving like that? 如果这个淘气的男孩继续这样下去，他将来会怎么样？

2.be around the corner在拐角处，不远；就在眼前

The bank is just around the corner. 银行就在拐角附近。

Victory is just around the corner.胜利就在眼前。

The fortune teller told Mary that there was an adventure for her just around the corner. 那个算命的跟她说她马上就要有麻烦。

3. die down 变弱：逐渐停止；渐渐消失

Open the air hole; the fire is dying down. 把气孔打开，火要熄了。

After the excitement of the audience died down, the speaker restarted his speech.等听众激动的情绪平息后，演讲人又重新开始演讲。

【搭配】die out灭绝 die away逐渐停止；逐渐消失 die off相继死去

4. take up开始花时间做……；对……产生兴趣；占用（时间或空间）

John took up acting while he was at col-lege.约翰在上大学时喜欢上演戏。

Alfred has just taken up playing the guitar. 阿尔弗雷德迷上了弹吉它。

take up还有其他意思：打听，对……采取进一步的行动；（事物或事情）继续。

如：The job took up most of Sunday.这项工作占用了大半个星期天。

These boxes of yours are taking up too much space.你的这些箱子占去了太多的空间。

Ill take up the story where I finished

yesterday.我将从昨天写完的地方继续把这个故事写下去。

5. come to terms 达成协议；妥协；让步；屈服

Laura has come to terms with the fact that she will never study in that famous school.劳拉已经接受了这个现实, 那就是她永远不可能在那所有名的学校就读了。

Diana came to terms with the fact that she lost the game. 黛安娜接受了比赛失败的事实。

【搭配】on good / bad terms with sb 与某人关系好（坏）

on equal terms 以平等的地位

in terms of…/in … terms 至于；根据；从……观点来看

in real terms 实际上

6. as it is 照现在的样子；照原来的样子

As it is, learning English is not easy for freshmen of high school.其实，学英语对高中新生来说真不容易。

We had hoped to finish it today, but as it is, we probably wont finish until tomorrow.我们原本希望今天能做完它，但实际上是我们或许要等到明天才能做完。

Dont say anything else; youre in enough trouble as it is.不要再说了，照现在的样子你已经够麻烦的啦。

三、句式点睛

1. It has often been said that life is difficult as it is.

句中It is said that…这一结构为常用句型。常用于此句型的动词还有：reported, hoped, known, believed, decided等。例如：

It is reported that Hillary intends to run for American president in 2008. 据报道希拉里有意竞选2008年美国总统。

It is hoped that women and children all over the world can be given very good medical care. 大家希望全世界的妇女和儿童都能拥有很好的医疗保健。

It is expected by the fans of Harry Potter that J.K.Rowling would come to China. 哈里·波特迷们都期待着J·K·罗林能来中国。

2. For women it sometimes seems twice as difficult.

该句相当于For women life sometimes seems twice as difficult as it is. 。用英语表达“A是B 的N倍长（宽，高，大，重等）”，“A比B长（宽，高，大，重等）N倍” 或“A 的长度（宽度，高度，大小，重量等）是B 的N倍”，可用下列几种句型：

1） A + be + 倍数 + as + 计量形容词原级 + as + B

2） A + be + 倍数 + 计量形容词比较级 + than + B

3） A + be + 倍数 + the + 计量名词 + of + B

例如: “我们的学校是他们学校的三倍。”可翻译为：

Our school is three times as big as theirs.

Our school is three times bigger than theirs.

Our school is three times the size of theirs.

注意观察下面的句子并体会倍数的表达方式：

The size of the newly broadened square is four times that of the previous one. 新扩建的广场为以前的四倍大。

In this workshop, the output of July was 4 times that of January.这个车间7月的产量是1月的4倍。

After the experiment, the plant is four times the height of what it was before.实验以后，这种植物是过去的4倍高。

The production is now double what it was 10 years ago.现在的产量是10年前的两倍。

There are 6 times as many students as we expected.学生数量是我们预料的6倍。

3. I had traveled only 2 hours one day when the winds increased so much that I had to put my tent up before the winds became too strong.

句中的when用作连词，意为“还没（刚刚）……就”。例如：

I had hardly opened the door when the dog barked. 还没等我把门打开，狗就叫起来了。

The students hadnt played football long when the bell rang. 学生们足球没踢一会儿，铃就响了。

当when引导时间状语从句时，它可表示从句的动作与主句动作同时进行，也可表示两者一前一后发生。when可译为“当……时”，“在……之前”，“在……之后”，其表示何意义主要通过主从句的不同时态来区别。如：

Was it raining when you came to school yesterday?(同时)

When I had done the work，I took a rest. (从句动作先于主句动作)

The film had already begun when I got to the cinema. (主句动作先于从句动作)

4. When asked if she regretted not saving her son, she said she made the choice without regret.

When asked为省略形式，相当于When she was asked。在以when, while, if, as if, though (although), as, whether, once等连词引导的时间、原因、条件、方式、让步等状语从句中，常常省略相同的主语或作主语的代词it以及be动词,保留现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、不定式等。例如：

While (you are) cycling, dont forget the

traffic lights. 骑车时，不要忘记看红绿灯。

If (it is) necessary, we shall send a telegram home. 如有必要，我们就往家里打电报。

四、语法细解

主谓一致

主谓一致是指英语句子的主语和谓语动词之间在人称和数方面的一致关系。主谓数的一致关系可表现为三种形式或原则，即：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近原则。

一、语法一致原则。句中作主语的词若是单数形式，谓语动词则用单数形式；若主语是复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。例如：

The results of the exam show that you have all made good progress. 考试的结果表明，你们都进步很大。

The content of his book is very good. 他那本书的内容很好。

二、意义一致原则。谓语动词用单数还是用复数不是由主语的形式决定，而是由主语表达的意义决定。

My family is a large one. 我家是个大家庭。

My family are all music lovers. 我们家个个喜欢音乐。