聚焦“祈使句＋ａｎｄ＋陈述句”句型
2008-04-10闫继权
闫继权
2006年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（重庆卷）中有这样一道单项选择题：
____ and Ill get the work finished.
A. Have one more hour B. One more hour
C. Given one more hour D. If I have one more hour
解析：从句子结构上看，并列连词and连接了两个分句，两句间存在着一种顺承关系，其中前一分句表示一种条件或假设，相当于if条件状语从句，后一分句表示一种结果或推论。换句话说，本题考查的是“祈使句+and+陈述句”句型，其中祈使句可转换成名词短语，故答案为B。
该句型不仅是高考的一个热点考点，也在中学课本中频频出现。现将这一句型需要注意的问题及其变体形式介绍一下，供教师备课和学生学习时参考。
一、句型中陈述句的时态或语气决定着祈使句表示的条件性质
1.当陈述句是一般将来时或一般现在时时，祈使句是真实条件句。例如：
Follow the advice of the doctor, and youll be well very soon.
解析：陈述句谓语部分为一般将来时，所以祈使句表示真实条件句（If you follow the advice of the doctor）。
Work hard, and you can make rapid progress in your study.
解析：陈述句谓语部分为一般现在时，所以祈使句表示真实条件句（If you work hard）。
2.当陈述句的谓语动词是would/should/could/might+动词原形或完成体时，祈使句表示非真实条件句。例如：
Pass my house and you might return the book you borrowed.
解析：陈述句谓语部分为（might return），所以祈使句表示非真实条件句（If you should pass my house）。
Come tomorrow and I would tell you everything.
解析：陈述句谓语部分为（would tell），所以祈使句表示非真实条件句（If you should come tomorrow）。
二、“祈使句+and+陈述句”句型的三种变化形式
1.“祈使句+破折号+陈述句”
Try some of this juice—perhaps youll like it.(2000京皖春招)
尝尝这种果汁儿，也许你会喜欢的。
2.“名词词组+and+陈述句”
名词词组中通常含有more, another, further, earlier等词。
It is really very dangerous. One more step, and the baby will fall into the well. 真危险。再多迈一步，这个小孩儿就掉进井里了。
Another ￡500, and I could buy a car.
假如我再有500英镑，就能买辆小汽车了。
One step further and you are lost.
再多走一步，你就会迷失方向了。
A few minutes earlier, and I could have seen the famous scientist.
要是我早来几分钟，就能见到那位著名科学家了。
3.“祈使句+or+陈述句”
or表示“否则”、“要不然的话”，or可用or else或otherwise替换，从反面来预测结果。
Take the chance, or you will regret it.
抓住机会吧，否则你会遗憾的。
Watch your step, or else you might fall into the water.
留神脚下，要不然你就会掉进水里。
Do as youre told, otherwise youll be in trouble.
叫你怎么做就怎么做，否则有麻烦。
练习：
1. Start out right away, ____ youll miss the first train.（06四川）
A. and B. but C. or D. while
2. Follow your doctors advice, ____ your cough will get worse.（05辽宁）
A. or B. and C. then D. so
3. Lose one hour in the morning ____ youll be looking for it the rest of the day.（05北京春季）
A. but B. and C. or D. so
4. ____ straight on and youll see a church. You wont miss it. (04湖北)
A. Go B. Going C. If you go D. When going
5. Stand over there ____ youll be able to see it better.（04天津）
A. or B. while C. but D. and
6. ——English has a large vocabulary, hasnt it?（04上海）
——Yes. ____ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate.
A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Known
7. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you ____ advertise-
ments showing happy families.（04湖南）
A. will often see B. often see
C. are often seeing D. have often seen
8. Dont be discouraged. ____ things as they are and you will enjoy
every day of your life. （03上海春季）
A. Taking B. To take C. Take D. Taken
9. ____ blood if you can and many lives will be saved.（01上海春季）
A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give
10. One more week, ____ we will accomplish the task.（99上海）
A. or B. so that C. and D. if
11. ____ it with me and Ill see what I can do.（NMET1998）
A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave
Key（2）
